Immunology

Post-phagocytosis activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by two novel T6SS effectors

1. Hadar Cohen
2. Noam Baram
3. Chaya Mushka Fridman
4. Liat Edry-Botzer
5. Dor Salomon
6. Motti Gerlic

Reviewed by Review Commons

Antimicrobial peptides do not directly contribute to aging in Drosophila , but improve lifespan by preventing dysbiosis

1. M.A. Hanson
2. B. Lemaitre

Reviewed by Review Commons

Lineage tracing reveals fate bias and transcriptional memory in human B cells

1. Michael Swift
2. Felix Horns
3. Stephen R Quake

Reviewed by Review Commons

Senataxin and RNase H2 act redundantly to suppress genome instability during class switch recombination

1. Hongchang Zhao
2. Stella R Hartono
3. Kirtney Mae Flores de Vera
4. Zheyuan Yu
5. Krishni Satchi
6. Tracy Zhao
7. Roger Sciammas
8. Lionel Sanz
9. Frédéric Chédin
10. Jacqueline Barlow

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This paper will be of interest to the audience in the fields of genome stability and B lymphocyte biology for highlighting the role of R loop metabolism in maintaining genome integrity during antigen gene diversification. Although RNA:DNA hybrids and R loops have been described at the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci long ago, their contribution to Ig heavy chain (Igh) class switch recombination and Igh locus integrity have not been fully elucidated yet. Overall, the experiments and results generally support this conclusion; however, several aspects of the model put forward are highly speculative in the current form.

Reviewed by eLife

Quantifying changes in the T cell receptor repertoire during thymic development

1. Francesco Camaglia
2. Arie Ryvkin
3. Erez Greenstein
4. Shlomit Reich-Zeliger
5. Benny Chain
6. Thierry Mora
7. Aleksandra M Walczak
8. Nir Friedman

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This paper addresses an important question within adaptive immunity, namely whether the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of negatively selected thymocytes shares common features. The authors analyze T cell receptor sequences from mice as they progress through positive selection, CD4/CD8 lineage commitment, and negative selection, to find small but consistent differences between the repertoires at these selection stages. They argue that their findings do not indicate any sequence-specific selection; however, some of the conclusions drawn are currently incompletely supported by the performed analyses.

Reviewed by eLife

SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses can originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells

1. Cilia R Pothast
2. Romy C Dijkland
3. Melissa Thaler
4. Renate S Hagedoorn
5. Michel GD Kester
6. Anne K Wouters
7. Pieter S Hiemstra
8. Martijn J van Hemert
9. Stephanie Gras
10. JH Frederik Falkenburg
11. Mirjam HM Heemskerk

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This is a very elegant study which clearly demonstrates the existence of CMV specific memory T cells in CMV+ pre-pandemic individuals that are capable of recognising epitopes from SARS-CoV-2. It provides new insights into the development of cross-reactive immune cells that was not anticipated. The study has been elegantly performed and presents important findings. In particular, the discovery of a public TCR which mediates the crossreactivity described is an important finding.

Reviewed by eLife

ARPC5 isoforms and their regulation by calcium-calmodulin-N-WASP drive distinct Arp2/3-dependent actin remodeling events in CD4 T cells

1. Lopamudra Sadhu
2. Nikolaos Tsopoulidis
3. Md Hasanuzzaman
4. Vibor Laketa
5. Michael Way
6. Oliver T Fackler

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This fundamental study demonstrates that the two isoforms of the ARPC5 subunit (ARPC5 and ARPC5L) of the Arp2/3 complex have specific functions in regulating cytoplasmic and nuclear actin filament assembly in response to DNA replication stress and T cell receptor signaling in T lymphocytes. The data presented in the manuscript are convincing and of good technical quality, and the study provides interesting new insights into specific cellular roles of different Arp2/3 isoforms in T lymphocytes.

Reviewed by eLife

Longitudinal analysis of invariant natural killer T cell activation reveals a cMAF-associated transcriptional state of NKT10 cells

1. Harry Kane
2. Nelson M LaMarche
3. Áine Ní Scannail
4. Amanda E Garza
5. Hui-Fern Koay
6. Adiba I Azad
7. Britta Kunkemoeller
8. Brenneth Stevens
9. Michael B Brenner
10. Lydia Lynch

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The manuscript by Kane et al. described transcriptional profiles of various subsets of activated iNKT cells using longitudinal scRNA-Seq analysis. The finding that IL-10 producing iNKT cells have a cMAF-associated gene signature similar to Tr1 cells is novel. Overall, the data is well presented, however, functional consequences of some findings require further investigation.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

A novel monocyte differentiation pattern in pristane-induced lupus with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage

1. Shuhong Han
2. Haoyang Zhuang
3. Rawad Daniel Arja
4. Westley H Reeves

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The authors dissect the phenotypes of bone-marrow derived myeloid cells in a murine model of pulmonary vasculitis with relevance to human disease, revealing the association of novel phenotypic subsets associated with lung injury, yet the role of these subsets in regulating or contributing to tissue injury is less clearly determined.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewer remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

The regional distribution of resident immune cells shapes distinct immunological environments along the murine epididymis

1. Christiane Pleuger
2. Dingding Ai
3. Minea L Hoppe
4. Laura T Winter
5. Daniel Bohnert
6. Dominik Karl
7. Stefan Guenther
8. Slava Epelman
9. Crystal Kantores
10. Monika Fijak
11. Sarina Ravens
12. Ralf Middendorff
13. Johannes U Mayer
14. Kate L Loveland
15. Mark Hedger
16. Sudhanshu Bhushan
17. Andreas Meinhardt

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript addresses a long-standing question regarding the highly variable cellular composition and functions as well as immune environments along the epididymis. Using multiple mouse models (bacterial infection and parabiosis between WT and Ccr2 KO) in conjunction with powerful scRNA-seq analyses, the authors provided solid evidence supporting the notion that resident immune cells are strategically positioned along the epididymal duct, potentially providing different immunological environments required for sperm maturations and elimination of pathogens ascending the urogenital tract.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife