Immunology

T follicular helper 17 (Tfh17) cells are superior for immunological memory maintenance

1. Xin Gao
2. Kaiming Luo
3. Diya Wang
4. Yunbo Wei
5. Yin Yao
6. Jun Deng
7. Yang Yang
8. Qunxiong Zeng
9. Xiaoru Dong
10. Le Xiong
11. Dongcheng Gong
12. Lin Lin
13. Kai Pohl
14. Shaoling Liu
15. Yu Liu
16. Lu Liu
17. Thi HO Nguyen
18. Lilith F Allen
19. Katherine Kedzierska
20. Yanliang Jin
21. Mei-Rong Du
22. Wanping Chen
23. Liangjing Lu
24. Nan Shen
25. Zheng Liu
26. Ian A Cockburn
27. Wenjing Luo
28. Di Yu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The enrichment of Tfh17 cells in Tfh cell central memory compartment and the dominance of Tfh17 cell population and the Tfh17 transcriptional signature in circulating Tfh cells at the memory phase are nicely demonstrated, and may well be helpful for understanding the heterogeneity of memory Tfh cells and potentially providing clues for vaccine design. The in vitro differentiation system for mouse Tfh cells also provides a strategy for others to build upon in dissection of Tfh cell development and function.

Reviewed by eLife

Down-regulated GAS6 impairs synovial macrophage efferocytosis and promotes obesity-associated osteoarthritis

1. Zihao Yao
2. Weizhong Qi
3. Hongbo Zhang
4. Zhicheng Zhang
5. Liangliang Liu
6. Yan Shao
7. Hua Zeng
8. Jianbin Yin
9. Haoyan Pan
10. Xiongtian Guo
11. Anling Liu
12. Daozhang Cai
13. Xiaochun Bai
14. Haiyan Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The authors demonstrate that patients with obesity-associated osteoarthritis and mice with the ApoE gene deficiency showed phenotypes of synovitis and enhanced macrophage infiltration in synovial tissues. Overall, this potentially important study is well-designed and carefully executed, although additional evidence is needed to fully support the authors' conclusions.

Reviewed by eLife

Structure-based prediction of T cell receptor:peptide-MHC interactions

1. Philip Bradley

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The author customises an alpha-fold multimer neural network to predict TCR-pMHC and applies this to the problem of identifying peptides from a limited library, that might engage TCR with a known sequence from a limited list of potential peptides. This is an important structural problem and a useful step that can be further improved through better metrics, comparison to existing approaches, and consideration of the sensitivity of the recognition processes to small changes in structure.

Reviewed by eLife

Single-cell analysis of the aged ovarian immune system reveals a shift towards adaptive immunity and attenuated cell function

1. Tal Ben Yaakov
2. Tanya Wasserman
3. Eliel Aknin
4. Yonatan Savir

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The study by Ben Yaakov et al. describes a single cell analysis of the mammalian ovary in young, adult and old mice. Based on gene expression profiles, the authors identified cell clusters corresponding to immune cell populations in mouse ovaries and compared their abundance in aged compared to adult animals. In comparison with previous studies that used single cell RNAseq to characterize the heterogeneity of cell types in the ovary, this study focuses only on immune cells resulting in much better coverage to characterize the changes that these cells undergo as a function of age. The combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry used by the authors is a robust and unbiased approach to characterize immune cell alterations in aging ovaries. Overall, the data and analyses presented in this study reveal profound modifications of the immune system in the aging reproductive system in mice. However, while both the data and biology presented are quite interesting, this study is perhaps too wide in breadth such that no individual result is extensively and rigorously explored.

Reviewed by eLife

Regulatory T cells suppress the formation of potent KLRK1 and IL-7R expressing effector CD8 T cells by limiting IL-2

1. Oksana Tsyklauri
2. Tereza Chadimova
3. Veronika Niederlova
4. Jirina Kovarova
5. Juraj Michalik
6. Iva Malatova
7. Sarka Janusova
8. Olha Ivashchenko
9. Helene Rossez
10. Ales Drobek
11. Hana Vecerova
12. Virginie Galati
13. Marek Kovar
14. Ondrej Stepanek

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This manuscript is of primary interest to immunologists with a focus on the effects of interleukin-2 and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling on effector T cell differentiation and function. Extensive and well-controlled experiments support a model where TCR and interleukin-2 signals promote a specific subset of effector CD8+ T cells - termed KILR cells - with superior target cell killing properties.

Reviewed by eLife

Human Dectin-1 is O-glycosylated and serves as a ligand for C-type lectin receptor CLEC-2

1. Shojiro Haji
2. Taiki Ito
3. Carla Guenther
4. Miyako Nakano
5. Takashi Shimizu
6. Daiki Mori
7. Yasunori Chiba
8. Masato Tanaka
9. Sushil K Mishra
10. Janet A Willment
11. Gordon D Brown
12. Masamichi Nagae
13. Sho Yamasaki

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The C-type lectin receptor family recognise pathogens and self-components. Dectin-1 is known to recognize glucan on pathogens. In this fundamental study Dectin-1 and CLEC-2 another - C-type lectin receptor, expressed on platelets - interact through an O-glycosylated ligand presented in the stalk region of Dectin-1. This compelling study demonstrates a potential role for pattern recognition receptors in physiological processes.

Reviewed by eLife

Plasmodium infection disrupts the T follicular helper cell response to heterologous immunization

1. Mary F Fontana
2. Erica Ollmann Saphire
3. Marion Pepper

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Malaria is still one of the world's most deadly diseases because our bodies cannot make appropriate acquired immunity upon Plasmodium infection (the causative agent of malaria). By using animal models of malaria infection and vaccination, this important work shows that Dendritic cells (DCs) have a lower ability to uptake Plasmodium-infected RBCs (particle antigen). This DC dysfunction could be an important reason behind T cell dysfunction in Plasmodium infection. The data presented here convincingly supports the conclusions.

Reviewed by eLife

Compartmentalization and persistence of dominant (regulatory) T cell clones indicates antigen skewing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

1. Gerdien Mijnheer
2. Nila Hendrika Servaas
3. Jing Yao Leong
4. Arjan Boltjes
5. Eric Spierings
6. Phyllis Chen
7. Liyun Lai
8. Alessandra Petrelli
9. Sebastiaan Vastert
10. Rob J de Boer
11. Salvatore Albani
12. Aridaman Pandit
13. Femke van Wijk

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  In this study, the authors performed mass cytometry (CyTOF) analysis and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to study immune cell composition and expansion of joint-derived Tregs and non-Tregs in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). They studied different joints affected at the same time and found that the composition and functional characteristics of immune infiltrates are strikingly similar between joints within one patient. The research design of this study is appropriate and the methods used in this study are adequately described in the manuscript. The study may be potentially beneficial for the JIA treatment.

Reviewed by eLife

The Toll pathway mediates Drosophila resilience to Aspergillus mycotoxins through specific Bomanins

1. Rui Xu
2. Yanyan Lou
3. Antonin Tidu
4. Philippe Bulet
5. Thorsten Heinekamp
6. Franck Martin
7. Axel Brakhage
8. Zi Li
9. Samuel Liégeois
10. Dominique Ferrandon

Reviewed by Review Commons

Succinate mediates inflammation-induced adrenocortical dysfunction

1. Ivona Mateska
2. Anke Witt
3. Eman Hagag
4. Anupam Sinha
5. Canelif Yilmaz
6. Evangelia Thanou
7. Na Sun
8. Ourania Kolliniati
9. Maria Patschin
10. Heba Abdelmegeed
11. Holger Henneicke
12. Waldemar Kanczkowski
13. Ben Wielockx
14. Christos Tsatsanis
15. Andreas Dahl
16. Axel Karl Walch
17. Ka Wan Li
18. Mirko Peitzsch
19. Triantafyllos Chavakis
20. Vasileia Ismini Alexaki

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Acute inflammation in mammals activates the hypothalamic pituatary axis leading to increased glucocorticoid release, which is required to restrain the inflammatory response. However, in settings of severe or prolonged inflammation, such as that seen in sepsis, there is reduced adrenal steridogenesis. The studies described in this paper provide a plausible mechanism for adrenal resistance which develops during excessive inflammation.

Reviewed by eLife