Immunology

Proliferative exhausted CD8+ T cells exacerbate long-lasting anti-tumor effects in human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

1. Danni Cheng
2. Ke Qiu
3. Yufang Rao
4. Minzi Mao
5. Li Li
6. Yan Wang
7. Yao Song
8. Junren Chen
9. Xiaowei Yi
10. Xiuli Shao
11. Shao Hui Huang
12. Yi Zhang
13. Xuemei Chen
14. Sisi Wu
15. Shuaishuai Yu
16. Jun Liu
17. Haiyang Wang
18. Xingchen Peng
19. Daibo Li
20. Lin Yang
21. Li Chen
22. Zhiye Ying
23. Yongbo Zheng
24. Meijun Zheng
25. Binwu Ying
26. Xiaoxi Zeng
27. Wei Zhang
28. Wei Xu
29. Geoffrey Liu
30. Fei Chen
31. Haopeng Yu
32. Yu Zhao
33. Jianjun Ren

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. This work will be of interest to researchers across tumor types and in other immunological fields of study.

Reviewed by eLife

The Opto-inflammasome in zebrafish as a tool to study cell and tissue responses to speck formation and cell death

1. Eva Hasel de Carvalho
2. Shivani S Dharmadhikari
3. Kateryna Shkarina
4. Jingwei Rachel Xiong
5. Bruno Reversade
6. Petr Broz
7. Maria Leptin

Reviewed by Review Commons

Antibodies to repeat-containing antigens in Plasmodium falciparum are exposure-dependent and short-lived in children in natural malaria infections

1. Madhura Raghavan
2. Katrina L Kalantar
3. Elias Duarte
4. Noam Teyssier
5. Saki Takahashi
6. Andrew F Kung
7. Jayant V Rajan
8. John Rek
9. Kevin KA Tetteh
10. Chris Drakeley
11. Isaac Ssewanyana
12. Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer
13. Bryan Greenhouse
14. Joseph L DeRisi

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study describes the use of a new and valuable tool, namely phage display of Plasmodium falciparum proteome-wide peptides, for profiling of antibody targets. The study, conducted using plasma from Ugandan children and adults, represents an important aspect of naturally acquired antibodies with seroreactive responses to the intra-and inter-protein repeat regions. The results are, however, so far incomplete, and confirmatory data that antibodies to inter-protein repeat motifs do cross-react are needed.

Reviewed by eLife

Endo-lysosomal assembly variations among human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA class I) allotypes

1. Eli Olson
2. Theadora Ceccarelli
3. Malini Raghavan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  In this manuscript, the authors provide mechanisms by which HLA-I polymorphism affects the capacity in the endo-lysosomal assembly of HLA-I molecules for constitutive expression and during cross-presentation. The findings may have implications for allotype-dependent variation in T cell responses to antigens localized in different subcellular compartments. However, additional biochemical and quantitative data is essential to bolster the central claims of the paper.

Reviewed by eLife

Evaluation of antibody kinetics and durability in healthy individuals vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac): A cross-sectional and cohort study in Zhejiang, China

1. Hangjie Zhang
2. Qianhui Hua
3. Nani Nani Xu
4. Xinpei Zhang
5. Bo Chen
6. Xijun Ma
7. Jie Hu
8. Zhongbing Chen
9. Pengfei Yu
10. Huijun Lei
11. Shenyu Wang
12. Linling Ding
13. Jian Fu
14. Yuting Liao
15. Juan Yang
16. Jianmin Jiang
17. Huakun Lv

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study presents important evidence that boosting with the Sinovac Coronavac inactivated vaccine would provide considerable protection from ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in terms of elicited neutralizing antibodies but would offer minimal protection against Omicron subvariants. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid, although using a dilution series instead of one plasma dilution for Omicron neutralization would have strengthened the study. The work will be of very wide interest to the biomedical community and beyond, since it points to the need for a better booster vaccine in China.

Reviewed by eLife

Targeted multi-omic analysis of human skin tissue identifies alterations of conventional and unconventional T cells associated with burn injury

1. Daniel R Labuz
2. Giavonni Lewis
3. Irma D Fleming
4. Callie M Thompson
5. Yan Zhai
6. Matthew A Firpo
7. Daniel T Leung

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This manuscript provides an important advance in our understanding of burn-associated T-cell responses. The evidence is convincing and the techniques are using the latest single-cell RNA-seq approaches in a rigorous manner. The studies are done directly on human skin so are highly clinically relevant.

Reviewed by eLife

Immunopeptidomics reveals determinants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen presentation on MHC class I

1. Owen Leddy
2. Forest M White
3. Bryan D Bryson

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This landmark study uses compelling approaches such as quantitative and screening mass spectrometry to identify peptides from tuberculosis bacteria that are presented by macrophages infected with this pathogen. The authors provide convincing evidence that the presentation of these antigens depends on a specialist bacterial secretion system. The study will be of interest to infectious disease specialists and of particular value for future vaccine development.

Reviewed by eLife

The anti-caspase 1 inhibitor VX-765 reduces immune activation, CD4+ T cell depletion, viral load, and total HIV-1 DNA in HIV-1 infected humanized mice

1. Mathieu Amand
2. Philipp Adams
3. Rafaela Schober
4. Gilles Iserentant
5. Jean-Yves Servais
6. Michel Moutschen
7. Carole Seguin-Devaux

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The present study presents the important finding that HIV infection activates the NLRP3, IFI16, and AIM 2 inflammasome pathways and that treatment with the anti-caspase 1 inhibitor VX-765 moderately reduces inflammasome activation and CD4 T cell depletion in a humanized NSG mouse model. The evidence supporting that inflammasome activation may play an important role in CD4 T cell depletion and that anti-caspase-1 inhibitors may reduce harmful inflammation is for the most part solid, although not always complete. The results will be of interest to scientists and physicians working on HIV immunology, pathogenesis and cure strategies.

Reviewed by eLife

A hierarchy of cell death pathways confers layered resistance to shigellosis in mice

1. Justin L Roncaioli
2. Janet Peace Babirye
3. Roberto A Chavez
4. Fitty L Liu
5. Elizabeth A Turcotte
6. Angus Y Lee
7. Cammie F Lesser
8. Russell E Vance

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This paper reports important findings on the mechanisms by which death pathways are activated by Shigella infection to impact the host response. The methods used provide compelling evidence for the involvement of multiple death cell pathways in the pathogenesis and host response to murine shigellosis. The results presented therein will be of interest to investigators in the field of bacterial pathogenesis, infectious disease and immunology.

Reviewed by eLife

Characterisation of the immune repertoire of a humanised transgenic mouse through immunophenotyping and high-throughput sequencing

1. Eve Richardson
2. Špela Binter
3. Miha Kosmac
4. Marie Ghraichy
5. Valentin von Niederhäusern
6. Aleksandr Kovaltsuk
7. Jacob D Galson
8. Johannes Trück
9. Dominic F Kelly
10. Charlotte M Deane
11. Paul Kellam
12. Simon J Watson

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Humanized transgenic mice represent an important tool for antibody discovery and vaccine profiling but their similarity to human immune responses has not been established so far. In this manuscript, Richardson et al. comprehensively characterize IgH repertoires of Ky mice that carry human immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light chain (Igk and l) genes. The data presented here will be useful for setting a foundation for the use of this model, as well as other similar transgenic models, in future studies.

Reviewed by eLife