Biophysics

The molecular mechanism of load adaptation by branched actin networks

1. Tai-De Li
2. Peter Bieling
3. Julian Weichsel
4. R Dyche Mullins
5. Daniel A Fletcher

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This in vitro study proposes to explain why branched actin filament networks, similar to the ones encountered in migrating cells, become denser when they grow against a mechanical load. This question is of broad interest, and has long been waiting for a molecular-scale explanation. Building on their previously published tools and results, the authors perform a series of elegant and clever experiments, and convincingly identify key molecular mechanisms. Importantly, the results also confirm the Brownian ratchet model for actin assembly. This study captures several important features of branched filament networks, and should become a reference on the topic.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Ligand binding remodels protein side-chain conformational heterogeneity

1. Stephanie A Wankowicz
2. Saulo H de Oliveira
3. Daniel W Hogan
4. Henry van den Bedem
5. James S Fraser

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This work attempts to extract information about protein thermodynamics from X-ray crystallography data, which is a challenging problem. This work presents a comprehensive examination of the structural transitions associated with small molecule binding to proteins. The heterogenous pattern of order parameter changes in response to ligand binding implies that the approach is identifying new information. This work offers insights into ligand binding affinity and specificity mechanisms, suggesting that distal (allosteric) perturbations represent a possible avenue to modulate protein function.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Lactoferricins impair the cytosolic membrane of Escherichia coli within a few seconds and accumulate inside the cell

1. Enrico F Semeraro
2. Lisa Marx
3. Johannes Mandl
4. Ilse Letofsky-Papst
5. Claudia Mayrhofer
6. Moritz PK Frewein
7. Haden L Scott
8. Sylvain Prévost
9. Helmut Bergler
10. Karl Lohner
11. Georg Pabst

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper presents groundbreaking data on the effects of antimicrobial peptides on bacterial cells, obtained by time resolved small angle X-ray and neutron scattering experiments coupled to stopped-flow mixing. Application of this approach to cells is highly innovative and provides ms time resolution, and information on multiple length scales (from conformational changes in the cell, to structural changes in the membranes). This is an important extension of the effort of the scientific community to study model membranes. The main result is that the peptides reach the cytosol in a few seconds, accumulating to high concentrations. The data analysis should be improved, and many conclusions are speculative, in particular on the mechanism of entry of the peptides.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Unsupervised Bayesian Ising Approximation for decoding neural activity and other biological dictionaries

1. Damián G Hernández
2. Samuel J Sober
3. Ilya Nemenman

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Hernandez et al use an elegant mathematical framework to build a novel tool for extracting unusually frequent (or infrequent) patterns in multidimensional biological data when only a small number of measurements are available. This is a common problem in many biological settings, so the tool could potentially be used to answer a wide range of statistically hard questions. As a first demonstration of its use, the authors show that the new tool can be used to reveal novel properties about neural responses in zebra finches during song generation.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Conformational decoupling in acid-sensing ion channels uncovers mechanism and stoichiometry of PcTx1-mediated inhibition

1. Stephanie A Heusser
2. Christian B Borg
3. Janne M Colding
4. Stephan A Pless

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This work provides direct evidence that PcTx1, a modulator commonly used to study acid-sensing ion channels, induces a conformational change that persists long after an effect on the channel activity has dissipated. The data support this central claim of the paper and invite future investigation of the precise mechanism. The work is of general interest to those studying ion channel biophysics and pharmacology and is a fine example of the power of combined functional and fluorescence measurements.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Molecular insights into the differential dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

1. Nabanita Mandal
2. Aditya K. Padhi
3. Soumya Lipsa Rath

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Enhanced specificity mutations perturb allosteric signaling in CRISPR-Cas9

1. Lukasz Nierzwicki
2. Kyle W East
3. Uriel N Morzan
4. Pablo R Arantes
5. Victor S Batista
6. George P Lisi
7. Giulia Palermo

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This is a comprehensive study combining solution NMR with molecular dynamics simulations to uncover the effects of three key mutations in the Cas9 HNH domain that increase CRISP-Cas9 complex specificity and reduce off-target activity. Through the analysis of these three different mutations, the authors concluded that by tuning the conformational dynamics of the HNH module in the CRISP-Cas9 complex, it is possible to control the function and specificity of the system. Combined these findings could have important implications for the design of new variants for this important gene editing complex.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Physical observables to determine the nature of membrane-less cellular sub-compartments

1. Mathias L Heltberg
2. Judith Miné-Hattab
3. Angela Taddei
4. Aleksandra M Walczak
5. Thierry Mora

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  There has been a lively debate recently concerning the multiplicity of reported observations of phase-separated compartments inside of cells. Specifically, some claims of phase separation have been challenged, and an alternative model put forward in which clustering of observed particles is due to a clustering of binding sites with no phase separation. The current study does an admirable job of proposing and analyzing ways of distinguishing these two scenarios.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Intelligent Resolution: Integrating Cryo-EM with AI-driven Multi-resolution Simulations to Observe the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Machinery in Action

1. Anda Trifan
2. Defne Gorgun
3. Zongyi Li
4. Alexander Brace
5. Maxim Zvyagin
6. Heng Ma
7. Austin Clyde
8. David Clark
9. Michael Salim
10. David J. Hardy
11. Tom Burnley
12. Lei Huang
13. John McCalpin
14. Murali Emani
15. Hyenseung Yoo
16. Junqi Yin
17. Aristeidis Tsaris
18. Vishal Subbiah
19. Tanveer Raza
20. Jessica Liu
21. Noah Trebesch
22. Geoffrey Wells
23. Venkatesh Mysore
24. Thomas Gibbs
25. James Phillips
26. S. Chakra Chennubhotla
27. Ian Foster
28. Rick Stevens
29. Anima Anandkumar
30. Venkatram Vishwanath
31. John E. Stone
32. Emad Tajkhorshid
33. Sarah A. Harris
34. Arvind Ramanathan

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Low-affinity integrin states have faster ligand-binding kinetics than the high-affinity state

1. Jing Li
2. Jiabin Yan
3. Timothy A Springer

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Li, Yan and Springer report ligand binding on- and off-rates for three different conformations of α4β1 as well as α5β1 integrin. This is the first report that provides these numbers, which are important to understand the 'mode of integrin activation'. The study is - from a technical stand point - flawlessly performed and the calculated data is in perfect agreement with the previously published data.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife