ADVANCING DEMAND AGGREGATION AND FLEXIBILITY MARKETS IN SPAIN: A REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF V1G AND V2G MONETIZATION

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolving regulatory landscape in Spain,specifically focusing on the "Reglamento general de suministro y contratación" (draft RoyalDecree) and CNMC Circular 1/2024, and their profound implications for demand aggregationand the monetization of Vehicle-One-Grid (V1G) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) flexibility. Spain'sambitious decarbonization targets necessitate a highly flexible electricity system capable ofintegrating increasing shares of variable renewable energy sources. Demand-side flexibility,particularly from electric vehicles (EVs), is emerging as a critical resource. This study details theprogress of these pivotal regulations, elucidates the mechanisms they establish for demand-sideparticipation and EV flexibility monetization, and critically examines the persistent regulatory,technical, and market design challenges. It concludes with strategic recommendations foraccelerating the integration and valorization of EV flexibility, positioning Spain as a leader insmart grid evolution.