THE SPANISH LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR SMART CHARGING (V1G) AND BIDIRECTIONAL CHARGING
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Spain is actively developing a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework to integrate smart charging (V1G) and bidirectional charging (V2G) technologies, aligning with its ambitious decarbonization goals and the European Union's "Clean Energy for All Europeans" package. This report details the foundational and evolving regulations governing electric vehicle (EV) charging in Spain. Key legislative instruments, such as Ley 24/2013, recognize energy recharging services, while Royal Decree-Law 21/2021 mandates charging infrastructure deployment in commercial buildings. Royal Decree 184/2022 regulates energy recharging services, emphasizing interoperability and data submission, further enhanced by Royal Decree- Law 4/2024, which underpins data transparency through the REVE map. The MOVES III program provides significant financial incentives, including a requirement for "intelligent functionalities" in business charging points . For V2G, Order ITU/1475/2024 establishes rigorous metrological accuracy standards for bidirectional energy transfer, requiring dual recorders . Technical standards like ISO 15118 are crucial for V2G communication and interoperability . Royal Decrees 1183/2020 and 647/2020 streamline administrative procedures and technical requirements for energy storage and grid connection, which are applicable to V2G systems. The Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC) is actively working to integrate new market participants, such as independent aggregators, and has introduced "Flexible Access Capacity" to enhance grid flexibility . Despite substantial progress, challenges include regulatory uncertainty, grid integration complexities, high initial costs, and the need for clearer market adaptation and compensation mechanisms for V2G . Spain's proactive engagement in pilot projects and continuous regulatory refinement demonstrate a determined effort to position the nation as a leader in sustainable EV-grid integration.
