Impact of a Virtual Laboratory on Student Learning Depends on Course Modality

Background: Research indicates that laboratory experiences facilitate student learning. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a virtual laboratory (CyberRat) on student performance in Learning and Behavior classes. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of this laboratory as a function of the class modality.Method: We incorporated CyberRat laboratories into two classes (one in-person and one asynchronous online), with two classes of the same modality serving as controls. The same instructor taught all four classes. We evaluated student performance using target exam items and class grades. We also collected self-report data regarding the perceived usefulness of CyberRat and perceptions about the class. Results: Performance on both learning measures was higher for CyberRat classes than for control classes. This main effect was fueled by the differential benefit of CyberRat in online but not in face-to-face classes. Online students in the CyberRat condition benefited more than their in-person peers. Conclusion: Incorporation of a virtual laboratory appears to bolster student success; however, the impact of this type of laboratory may be limited to online classes.Teaching Implications: Educators should evaluate the efficacy of virtual laboratory experiences for in-person learning because the benefit seems to lie uniquely for online classes.