Cortical Instinct Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Higher-Order Instincts in the Human Neocortex

Traditional instinct theory emphasizes subcortical brain regions—such as thebrainstem and limbic system—as the primary sources of innate, automatic be-havioral drives. However, emerging evidence suggests that the human neocortexalso generates a distinct class of higher-order instincts characterized by complex-ity, abstraction, and flexible temporal dynamics. This paper proposes the CorticalInstinct Theory, which conceptualizes these neocortical drives as an evolutionarycontinuation and elaboration of more primitive instinctual systems. Cortical in-stincts interact with subcortical instincts not in opposition but in a hierarchicallyintegrated manner. This model reframes conscious will as a higher-order instinctivefunction of the cortex, evolving to coordinate complex behavioral goals and internaldrives in humans.For correspondence: jiunming.an@proton.me