Comprehensive Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Oral Dysbiosis

Relevance. The study examines the quantitative and qualitative colonization of microorganisms in the oral cavity (OC) and its dependence on exogenous and endogenous factors, as well as the variability related to the design and number of removable dentures (RD). A microbial “landscape” — including the types, colonization levels, and quantity of microorganisms — was determined for clinically healthy adults to establish normative parameters for oral microflora. Objective. To diagnose dysbiotic conditions of the oral cavity, establish the normative microbial “landscape,” and substantiate the role of removable dentures in microbial colonization and composition. Materials and Methods. The study included 260 individuals (males and females aged 18–60 years). Group I (n=105) consisted of individuals diagnosed with various degrees of oral dysbiosis (61 males [58.09%], 44 females [41.9%]; mean age 44.6 years). Group II (n=96) included patients with oral dysbiosis of varying severity and the presence of removable dentures (41 males [43.15%], 54 females [56.84%]; mean age 49 years). Group III (n=60) served as the control group for determining the microbiological norm (27 males, 33 females; mean age 37 years). Results. In the clinically healthy adult population of Andijan City, the quantitative range of oral microflora was established as follows: Lactobacillus spp. 10³–10⁴, Streptococcus spp. 10⁵–10⁸, Str. pyogenes – absent, Leptotrichiaspp. 10²–10⁴, Staphylococcusspp. 10²–10⁴, Candida spp. 10²–10³, conditionally pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae10–10², Corynebacterium spp. <10², Bacteroides spp. <10³, Veillonella spp. 10³–10⁸, Fusobacterium spp. 10³–10⁴, Staphylococcus aureus– absent, Neisseria spp. 10⁵–10⁷. Dysbiotic states of the oral cavity were classified as follows: Grade I — reduction of resident microflora; Grade II — alteration of resident and conditionally pathogenic species composition; Grade III — predominance and proliferation of Candida spp. fungi. Conclusions. A classification of oral dysbiosis severity (Grade I–III) was developed and normative microbiological indices were established for the adult population of Andijan City. The microbial “landscape” of oral cavities with removable dentures was characterized. The obtained results substantiate the clinical and preventive significance of using Anethum graveolens leaf extract and decoction in orthopedic dental practice to enhance treatment outcomes and predict the effectiveness of therapeutic-preventive measures.