Evaluation of Novel Phytocompounds and Therapeutic potential of the methanolic extract of Celtis occidentalis against Alloxan-Intoxicated diabetes in rats; In-vitro and In-vivo Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Assessment

Using a variety of chemical compounds and biomolecules, researchers have been working on new antidiabetic drugs for many years. Anti-diabetic research is increasingly using medicinal plants because of their unique qualities, biologically potent phytoconstituents and their fewer side effects. Using the Celtis occidentalis leaf extract as a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress was one of the goals of this scientific work. The crude extract of C. occidentalis leaves was obtained through a rotary evaporator and was analyzed for a polyphenolic phytochemicals constituents and purity of the novel phytoconstituents using high-performance liquid chromatography-DAD (HPLC-DAD) with a diode-array detector and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extract has been investigated carefully in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic and antioxidant study. Forty albino rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) were used and divided in to five experimental groups each one comprising eight individuals ( n=8 ). Control group, diabetic group, standard (glibenclamide) group, extract treated group-1 ( Ex ₁ D-G ) and extract treated group-2 ( Ex ₂ D-G )). In the current research work, renal function tests, blood lipid profile, body weight, liver function tests, blood glucose level, cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ), antioxidant markers (SODs, CAT, GPx, and GSH), glycated hemoglobin, and oxidative stress indicators (MDA and TBARS) were recorded in animal models. The extract was assayed in vitro for its inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. 23 polyphenolic compounds were identified by the high-performance liquid chromatogram with a diode-array detector. Experimental animals had noticeable weight changes. The findings indicate that the extract was rich in important phenolic compounds. Induction of diabetes caused a significant increase in plasma glucose levels (>290). Blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were markedly decreased in rats given the extract and glibenclamide. The rats treated with the extract normalized renal/liver function tests, lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and blood cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, cytokines, antioxidant markers, and oxidative stress markers. α-glucosidase and α-amylase scavenging potential at 62.5 µg/mL and 1,000µg/mL were observed to be 69.5% and 86.1%, and 67.4% and 84.3% respectively, both nearing to standard. The plant extract actively restored and protected the organ tissues histology (liver, kidney, and pancreas) in extract treated groups-1 & 2 in comparison to the diabetic group and work as organs protecting mediator. These findings reveal that the identified novel polyphenolic phytochemicals have strong antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.