The Turkish Version of the Kappi Scale: Validity and Reliability Study on Family Caregivers’ Knowledge Attitudes and Practices in Pressure Injury Prevention

Background Pressure injuries are a significant health concern among older adults, and family caregivers play a crucial role in their prevention. This study aimed to adapt the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Family Caregivers in Preventing Pressure Injury Scale (KAPPI) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties, including validity and reliability. Methods A cross-sectional validation study was conducted between January and March 2023 with 330 family caregivers of patients aged 65 years and older in the internal medicine and surgical units of a state hospital in Turkey. The adaptation process was performed in two phases. In the first phase, the KAPPI was translated into Turkish and culturally adapted based on expert evaluations to ensure content validity. In the second phase, psychometric analyses were carried out. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and test–retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the original three-factor structure (knowledge, attitudes, and practices). Model fit indices demonstrated acceptable values (CFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.09, RMSEA = 0.07). The KAPPI-T exhibited strong internal consistency (α = 0.88) and good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.84). Results The Turkish version of the KAPPI confirmed the original three-factor structure knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The scale demonstrated satisfactory psychometric characteristics and factor loadings consistent with theoretical expectations. Reliability coefficients indicated strong internal consistency across subscales, and the CFA supported the construct validity of the adapted version. Conclusions The KAPPI-T is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing family caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pressure injury prevention. It can be used to identify educational needs and support the development of evidence-based caregiver training programs in clinical, community, and research settings. Clinical trial number Not applicable