Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Persian Version of the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS)

Background and Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders affecting the hip and groin region represent a significant health burden worldwide, with substantial impacts on physical function and quality of life. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive cross-cultural adaptation and validation a Persian version of the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) through rigorous cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation. Methods Following Beaton's guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation, we conducted forward-backward translation, expert panel review, and cognitive debriefing with 15 patients. Psychometric evaluation included assessment of internal consistency (Cronbach's α), test-retest reliability (ICC), convergent validity (correlations with VAS and SF-36), and structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) in a sample of 120 Persian-speaking patients (aged 18–40 years) with chronic hip/groin pathology. Results The Persian HAGOS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.89) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.92). Strong correlations with VAS (r=-0.72) and SF-36 (r = 0.68) supported convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original six-factor structure (CFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.065). No significant floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusion The Persian HAGOS represents a culturally adapted, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing hip and groin disorders in Persian-speaking populations. Its implementation will facilitate standardized assessment in clinical and research settings.