The Association Between Maxillofacial Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury

Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of TBI associated with maxillofacial trauma. Methods This is a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with TBI associated with maxillofacial fractures. All injuries were confirmed clinically and radiographically, which included plain radiography, CT scan, and MRI imaging. which included plain radiography, CT scan, and MRI imaging. Patients were included in the study if they had a maxillofacial fracture with associated TBI. Data on age, sex, causes, anatomical site, maxillofacial fractures, and associated injuries were reviewed. Results A total of 68 patients had maxillofacial fractures associated with TBI. Of those, 52 (76.5%) patients were males, and 16 (23.5%) patients were females, with a male/female ratio of 3.25:1. The patients’ ages ranged from 5 to 66 years, with a mean (SD) of 27.1 (12.4) year. The most common sites of the mandible fracture were parasymphysis (n = 14, 26.9%) and angle (n = 14, 26.9%). In maxilla there were dentoalveolar (n = 10, 35.7%) and LeFort I (n = 9, 32.2%) fractures. The skull fractures were frontal bone with 20 (51.3%) fractures, whereas intracranial lesions were concussion (n = 18, 32.8%) followed by cerebral contusion (n = 16, 29.1%). Commonly cranial hematomas were subdural hematoma (n = 12, 21.8%). Conclusion Circumstantial evidence, there is a correlation between the incidence of TBI and maxillofacial trauma that are linked to increase with frontal bone and midfacial fractures.