Paediatric Facial Fractures

Background Paediatric facial fractures are relatively rare due to the elasticity of children´s bones. This elasticity can also make such fractures more challenging to diagnose. Additionally, anatomical differences between juveniles and adults influence the types of fracture observed. In general, boys are more susceptible to trauma; however, this trend does not seem to differ in cases of facial fractures. Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the association between sex and trauma mechanisms in paediatric facial fractures. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on paediatric patients diagnosed with facial bone fractures between 2008 and 2018 at Päijät-Häme Central Hospital (Lahti, Finland). Inclusion criteria were one or more fractures in facial bones in patients under 18 years of age. Results Of the 37 study subjects, 19% were female and 81% were male. Among females, the most common trauma mechanisms were bicycle accidents and sports related incidents (both 8.1%), whereas in males, motor vehicle accidents and sports related incidents were equally prevalent (both 24%). Associated injuries were uncommon, occurring only in 16% of cases, and they were particularly linked to motor vehicle accidents. Conclusion Paediatric facial fractures are rare. In cases of facial trauma, thorough clinical examination and targeted imaging are recommended rather than routine full body 3D imaging.