Intersecting Narratives: Exploring Generational Differences in Maternal Health Factors in Vietnamese Mothers of Children with Orofacial Clefts

Background This study explores generational differences in maternal health practices among Vietnamese mothers of children with orofacial clefts (OFCs) living in rural communities in Vietnam. Through narrative interviews with 21 mothers and five physicians, it highlights significant gaps in prenatal nutrition knowledge, barriers to diagnostic tools, and the conflict between traditional health practices and contemporary medical advice. Methods This study employed a narrative research methodology in combination with minimal semi-structured interviews using a topics guided technique to explore individuals' stories, perceptions, and experiences related to having children with OFCs. Eligibility criteria included Vietnamese mothers aged 45 + years who bore children with OFCs; Vietnamese mothers < 45 years of age who bore children with OFCs; and physicians practicing in Vietnam who provide prenatal care. Participants meeting the criteria were presented with a series of open-ended questions focusing on their folic acid consumption, access to healthcare, physician recommendations, cultural health practices, and the impact of social determinants of health during pregnancy. Results The research brings together insights from mothers and physicians, highlighting complex issues surrounding maternal health and OFCs. Physicians emphasized the importance of folic acid supplementation and early detection, while mothers revealed challenges stemming from poverty, health literacy gaps, and stigma. Conclusions Improving maternal health and shifting perceptions of OFCs requires more than education and awareness. The findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive health education, expanded healthcare access, and strategies addressing social and structural determinants to improve maternal care and reduce OFC prevalence in Vietnam. Public health campaigns targeting pregnant women on the benefits of nutrients like folic acid, calcium, and vitamin A is crucial, but must be developed in collaboration with members or community service organizations based in those communities. The many traditional community practices that are protective of moms and babies must be strengthened while offering science-based guidance to counter traditional beliefs that are harmful. Expanding affordable healthcare access and outreach for low-income families is essential to address barriers and promote better outcomes. Trial registration: Registerd through the Kansas University Medical Center Institutional Review Board on May 1, 2024. IRB study number STUDY00160310.