Conservation and management strategies of Rhododendron sohayakiense var. koreanum using genetic diversity and structure

Rhododendron sohayakiense var. koreanum is a shrub belonging to the Ericaceae family, found on the rocky summits of mountains above 1,000 meters in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. As a subalpine plant, it is vulnerable to the effects of climate change, making it a priority species for monitoring. This study was conducted to conserve and manage the genetic diversity of R. sohayakiense var. koreanum . A total of 270 individuals from 8 populations across its range were analyzed using 11 microsatellite markers. The mean observed heterozygosity ( H _o ) was 0.486, the mean expected heterozygosity ( H _e ) was 0.538, and the differentiation among populations ( F _ST ) was 0.248. The genetic diversity of the populations was similar to plants vulnerable to climate change, and due to their isolated distribution and insect-pollinated plant, genetic differentiation among populations was high. Bayesian clustering showed that the 8 populations were grouped into 4 clusters, and this result was also supported by Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and the dendrogram. Considering the clustering results and the genetic diversity of each population, Mt. Baegun and Mt. Sambong were selected as in situ conservation populations. The estimated effective population sizes of two selected populations are 43 and 17, respectively, which are fewer than the minimum population size (50) required to prevent inbreeding. Therefore, Forest Genetic Resource Reserves should be established to preserve as many native R. sohayakiense var. koreanum as possible in each region to avoid reducing the effective population size and inbreeding. Additionally, for the genetic diversity conservation and management of the two population, monitoring should be conducted with a minimum distance of 34 m between individuals for Mt. Baegun and 26 m for Mt. Sambong, ensuring that genetically similar individuals are minimally included.