Effects of Topographic Factors and Human–Land Relationships on Land‐Use Patterns in the Zhaotong Section of the Jinsha River Basin
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Abstract
Landslide fracture zones play a critical role in slope instability, yet their hydraulic fracturing processes remain difficult to monitor using conventional geophysical methods. This study proposes a time‐lapse three‐dimensional transient electromagnetic (TEM) imaging approach to characterize fracture damage evolution in the Xiaolongdong–Xiahaizi landslide, Zhaotong City, China. Repeated TEM observations, integrated with GNSS displacement monitoring and environmental measurements, were used to reconstruct dynamic resistivity fields through three‐dimensional inversion. The method achieved localization accuracies better than 1 m horizontally and 2 m vertically and detected water‐filled fractures wider than 0.3 mm. Distinct resistivity precursor anomalies, characterized by a 3%–8% increase followed by a rapid decrease, occurred 2–5 min before fracture propagation. During hydraulic fracturing, resistivity decreased from 30–50 Ω·m to 8–15 Ω·m, reflecting progressive fracture connectivity. Rainy‐season permeability coefficients reached 10⁻⁴–10⁻³ m/s, one to two orders of magnitude higher than those during the dry season. Freeze–thaw processes and rainfall infiltration jointly contributed 25%–35% of slope displacement. The proposed framework provides quantitative visualization of fracture evolution and effective geophysical constraints for landslide stability assessment and early warning.
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This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/23063155.
A comprehensive reading of this preprint reveals a major technical discrepancy that must be resolved before a full scientific evaluation can take place. There appears to be an unintended mix-up between two completely different manuscripts during the submission process. The main title specifically focuses on topographic factors and human-land relationships within land-use patterns. However, the abstract provided right below it details an entirely separate study on three-dimensional (3D) transient electromagnetic (TEM) imaging, landslide fracture zones, and hydraulic fracturing parameters. Land-use planning dynamics and geophysical resistivity observations represent completely distinct …
This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/23063155.
A comprehensive reading of this preprint reveals a major technical discrepancy that must be resolved before a full scientific evaluation can take place. There appears to be an unintended mix-up between two completely different manuscripts during the submission process. The main title specifically focuses on topographic factors and human-land relationships within land-use patterns. However, the abstract provided right below it details an entirely separate study on three-dimensional (3D) transient electromagnetic (TEM) imaging, landslide fracture zones, and hydraulic fracturing parameters. Land-use planning dynamics and geophysical resistivity observations represent completely distinct fields of research. This mismatch extends to the keywords and the official subject classification of "Geophysics and Geology," which do not align with the focus promised in the title. It is highly likely that an incorrect abstract text block or document version was uploaded to the server.
The authors should address this structural layout error immediately, withdraw the current version, and upload the correct matching manuscript text to allow for a proper peer review.
Competing interests
The author declares that they have no competing interests.
Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The author declares that they did not use generative AI to come up with new ideas for their review.
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