Assessing Global Responsibility: Comparative Analysis of Fairness in Energy Transition between Developing and Developed Countries

The increasing recognition of historical emissions and uneven capacities among developed and developing nations have highlighted the need to look for equity and fairness into global climate action. This study explored various methods and indices used to measure the progress of energy transition efforts. This study revisits the concept of fairness in greenhouse gas emission distribution and climate change as well as the definition of energy transition to clearly define fairness in energy transition. An analysis was done between representative countries from developed and developing. The findings underscored the differences in energy transition achievement, pledged and deposited funds between target countries. The results demonstrate disproportionate burden experienced by lower-income nations and depicts the ongoing challenges in translating principles of “common but differentiated responsibilities” into concrete outcomes. The study provides an open-source and data-driven perspective that highlights the necessity of change in global policy discourse and also advocates the creation of more nuanced, just, and effective approaches for accelerating the clean energy transition worldwide.