Analysing the Impact of International Climate Change Policies on Environmental Degradation in the Gambia

The Gambia, situated in West Africa, encounters distinctive challenges stemming from its susceptibility to the effects of climate change. Characterized by low-lying coastal regions and deforestation, the country faces a heightened risk of environmental degradation compared to its global counterparts. Constraints in resources, institutional capacity, and a significant dependence on agriculture compound these challenges. This study examined the impact of international climate change policies on environmental degradation in The Gambia between 2020 and 2023. It emphasized the challenges in translating international policy frameworks into action, citing obstacles like political commitment, coordination issues, adverse externalities, low public awareness, institutional capacity limitations, and ineffective enforcement mechanisms. The research delved into reforestation and waste management projects as possible approaches to address deforestation, soil erosion, and pollution in the country. The study aimed to assess the impact of international policy frameworks on environmental degradation, assess national climate change policies, and track changes in environmental degradation over time in response to global interventions. Data collection utilised qualitative research methods, such as focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The collected data was analysed through content and thematic analyses. The research underscored the significance of community and stakeholder participation in the development and execution of climate change policies. The findings emphasised the necessity for improved public awareness, integration of indigenous knowledge in adaptation strategies and building local capacity for sustainable environmental management in The Gambia. Recommendations called for increased community engagement, strengthened governance mechanisms, and leveraging local resources to advance more sustainable environmental practices within the country. To tackle these challenges, it is recommended that the government collaborate with all stakeholders, including the community, civil society organisations, and international entities, to mitigate the effects of climate change and strengthen resilience to environmental challenges.