Evaluated articles

eLife Assessment

This important study, which will be of interest to those studying the evolution and maintenance of antibiotic resistance, addresses the hypothesis that antibiotic resistance arising de novo during treatment will carry a higher fitness cost and will revert to susceptibility more readily than resistance that has been transmitted between hosts. There are, however, concerns that the 'putatively transmitted isolates' in this study do not necessarily represent resistant isolates that have been transmitted between hosts. The support for the central claim of different patterns of reversion between isolates with de novo resistance and putatively transmitted resistant isolates is currently incomplete.

eLife Assessment

This useful work reveals differential activity to food and shock outcomes in central amygdala GABAergic neurons. Evidence supports claims of unconditioned stimulus activity that changes with learning. Compelling evidence that the circular shift method rigorously identifies functional neuron types is also presented. However, the evidence regarding claims related to valence or salience signaling in these neurons is incomplete. This work will be of interest to neuroscientists studying sensory processing and learning in the amygdala.

eLife Assessment

This important study reveals that Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters play a role in chromatic information processing in the retina. The combination of (double) mutants, behavioral assays, immunohistochemistry, and electroretinograms provides solid evidence supporting the appropriately conservative conclusions. The work will be of interest to neurobiologists working on color vision or retinal processing.

eLife Assessment

The authors present three transgenic models carrying three representative exon deletions of the dystrophin gene. The findings presented are valuable to the field of muscle diseases, particularly muscular dystrophies. The evidence provided in the manuscript is convincing, with rigorous biochemical assays and state-of-the-art microscopy methods.

eLife Assessment

This is a valuable study that uses single-cell RNA sequencing to define tumor-intrinsic transcriptional programs that characterize distinct types of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid, but would benefit from a larger sample size. The work will be of interest to cancer biologists studying neuroendocrine tumors, as well as those studying tumor heterogeneity more broadly.

eLife Assessment

This important work shows that fine particulate matter exposure to the lungs led to nociceptor-dependent neutrophilic inflammation. Likely macrophage-neuronal crosstalk, via release of artemin from macrophages and activation of Gfra3 on the JNC neuron, potentiated the response. The data convincingly strengthens links between pollutants, immune and neural interactions.

eLife Assessment

The study by Chen and Phillips provides evidence for a dynamic switch in the small RNA repertoire of the Argonaute protein NRDE-3 during embryogenesis in C. elegans. The work is supported by convincing experimental data, shedding light on RNA regulation during development. While the functional relevance of this process warrants further investigation, this study provides valuable insights into small RNA pathways with broader implications for developmental biology and gene regulation in other systems.

eLife Assessment

This important work by Diallo et al. substantially advances our understanding of the chemosensory system of a non-hymenopteran eusocial insect by identifying the first olfactory receptor for the trail pheromone in termites. The evidence supporting the conclusions that the receptor PsimOR14 is very narrowly tuned for the pheromone neocembrene is compelling. The work will be of broad interest to entomologists, chemical ecologists, neuroscientists, and molecular biologists.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study builds on previous work by the authors by presenting a potentially key method for correcting optical aberrations in GRIN lens-based microendoscopes used for imaging deep brain regions. By combining simulations and experiments, the authors provide convincing evidence showing that the obtained field of view is significantly increased with corrected, versus uncorrected microendoscopes. Because the approach described in this paper does not require any microscope or software modifications, it can be readily adopted by neuroscientists who wish to image neuronal activity deep in the brain.

eLife Assessment

This study provides a valuable perspective on visual cortex architecture by identifying two cortical gradients that change across the lifespan and have distinct functional and structural features. The first gradient captures well-mapped variations in cortical thickness and myelination markers from early sensory to higher-order cortex, while the second gradient shows divergence in these measures with a more localized structure, notably predicting a previously unknown cluster of visual field maps in the anterior temporal lobe. The large-scale lifespan data are compelling, but the evidence overall is incomplete with key questions around methodical checks and implementation, the standard of evidence for the new visual maps, and how the gradient model relates to sharp tissue boundaries parcellating the cortex.

eLife Assessment

This study presents valuable findings on changes in neuronal alpha activity elicited by prolonged pain in healthy human participants. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors, however, is incomplete and would benefit from clarifications of analytical strategies, additional statistical analyses, and shaping of the interpretations. With the methodological and interpretative parts strengthened, the work will be of interest to neuroscientists investigating the brain mechanisms of pain to identify new approaches to pain treatment

eLife Assessment

This important paper employs multiple experimental approaches and presents evidence that changes in membrane voltage directly affect ERK signaling to regulate cell division. This result is relevant because it supports an ion channel-independent pathway by which changes in membrane voltage can affect cell growth. The evidence now presented is solid and the data support the conclusions. This paper should be of interest to a broad readershp in the areas of cell and developemental biology and electrophysiology.

eLife Assessment

Lu and colleagues developed an important imaging protocol that combines expansion microscopy, light-sheet microscopy, and image segmentation for use with the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, a powerful model system for regeneration. This represents a substantial improvement on current standards and enables more rapid data acquisition. The utility of this solid protocol is demonstrated by quantifying several aspects of this flatworm's neural anatomy and musculature during homeostasis and regeneration. This work will be of interest to researchers looking to implement more systematic approaches towards imaging and quantifying intact specimens.

eLife Assessment

The study provides valuable insight into the biological significance of SARS-CoV-2 by using a series of computational analyses of viral proteins. While the evidence is solid, the reviewers noted a lack of clarity about the objectives of the analyses. While impactful for the field, the manuscript would benefit from improved presentation.

eLife Assessment

This valuable work explores the timely idea that aperiodic activity in human electrophysiology recordings is dynamically modulated in response to task events in a manner that may be relevant for behavioral performance. Moreover, the authors present solid evidence that, in some circumstances, these aperiodic changes might be misinterpreted as oscillatory changes.

eLife Assessment

This important work advances our understanding of parabrachial CGRP threat function. The evidence supporting CGRP aversive outcome signaling is solid, while the evidence for cue signaling and fear behavior generation is incomplete. The work will be of interest to neuroscientists studying defensive behaviors.

eLife Assessment

This study presents a valuable finding on the identification of a complex consisting of NHE1, hERG1, β1/integrin and NaV1.5 on the membrane of breast cancer cells. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is somewhat incomplete. The inclusion of clarification of some experimental design and the amendment of cropping Western blot data would have strengthened the study. The work will be of interest to scientists working on breast cancer.

eLife Assessment

SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have assumed important roles in reducing cardiovascular risk, particularly in those with diabetes. It has become appreciated that its protective effects are likely beyond their ability to lower blood sugar levels. This research presents a novel approach to studying the SGLT2i mechanism of action which is yet to be fully elucidated.

eLife Assessment

This important work addresses the role of Marcks/Markcksl during spinal cord development and regeneration. The study is exceptional in combining molecular approaches to understand the mechanisms of tissue regeneration with behavioural assays, which is not commonly employed in the field. The data presented is convincing and comprehensive, using many complementary methodologies.

eLife Assessment

This important work advances our understanding of factors influencing early childhood development. The large sample size and methodology applied make the findings of this study convincing; however, support for some of the claims made by the authors is incomplete. The work will be of interest to researchers in developmental science and early childhood pediatrics.