@proahmedali's saved articles

Ahmed Ali

The Cosmic Expansion: Characterizing the Primordial Universe from the Expanded Quantum String Theory with Gluonic Plasma (EQST-GP) Model is a very recent theoretical framework (due to 2024-2025). This model provides a unified description of the universe, from the smallest levels of string theory to cosmic acceleration on the largest scale.

Basic Idea of ​​the Model
The model aims to be a "theory of everything" by integrating the fundamental forces of nature (gravity, electromagnetism, and nuclear forces) into a single framework. It does this by building on the foundations of M-theory, the most advanced development of string theory.

Main Components of the Model
This section explains the basic pillars upon which this model is built:

The Descriptive Component of the EQST-GP Model
The theoretical foundation starts from the foundations of M-theory and deals with extra dimensions (11 dimensions) and their convolution. (Compactification).

Dark matter: It is proposed that dark matter consists of a "quark-gluon foam plasma" with negative Casimir-like energy. It is also referred to as "Majorana gluon dark matter."

Resolving the Hubble Tension: Our main innovation is that the dynamical cosmological constant

z (which varies with redshift
z) can reconcile different measurements of the Hubble constant from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the local universe.

Testable predictions: The model predicts specific rates of dark matter disappearance, a unique gravitational redshift, and a distinctive signature of primary gravitational waves.

Through this rigorous deduction approach: The paper follows a clear deductive approach:

It starts with fundamental equations (M-theory action).

It Using mathematical compression,

The effective Lagrangian is derived in 4 dimensions.

It extracts the properties of particles and forces.

The numerical results are calculated and compared with experimentally reported values ​​(such as Newton's constant G).

Using this method, 25 fundamental constants are accurately derived from basic calculations and first principles.

Ahmed Ali

The essence of the paper
This paper aims to present a unified theory through a model called "Extended Quantum String Theory with Gluon Plasma" (EQST-GP). The central idea is that this model draws on M-theory—the most complete theoretical framework for integrating gravity with quantum mechanics—to simultaneously solve the biggest mysteries in the universe:

Dark Matter: The model proposes that dark matter consists of Majorana gluons, extremely heavy particles that emerged from a primordial plasma in the compact dimensions of M-theory.

Dark Energy and Hubble Tension: The model provides a dynamical interpretation of the cosmological constant (Λ). It draws from M-theory a massive negative energy (E_neg), which does not directly appear in our four-dimensional universe, but modifies the effective cosmological constant so that it depends on the redshift (z). This modification causes the universe to expand at a different speed in the past (consistent with CMB data) than it does now (consistent with local measurements), thus resolving the Hubble tension.

Primordial Gravitational Waves: The model accurately calculates the frequency spectrum of gravitational waves generated by tensions in primordial plasma, which can be detected by observatories such as LISA.

In short, the paper presents a complete top-down framework, starting from fundamental M-theory and ending with an explanation of the cosmological and particle phenomena we observe, with accurate, testable numerical predictions.

What makes this paper ambitious and novel is:

Unified Approach: Instead of tackling each problem (such as dark matter or dark energy) individually, the paper presents a comprehensive solution package stemming from a single source: M-theory. This is the dream of a "theory of everything" in action.

Origin of Dark Energy: The idea that dark energy is a reflection of massive negative energy from higher dimensions, rather than a fixed cosmological constant, is revolutionary. Making this constant "dynamical" and redshift-dependent is a novel and innovative solution to the Hubble tension problem.

Novel DM Candidate: Majorana gluons as a dark matter candidate are a novel concept, different from traditional candidates such as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The model calculates their properties (mass, coalescence rate) from first principles (such as the M5-brane tension).

Accurate Quantitative Predictions: The paper not only presents qualitative ideas, but also goes so far as to provide highly accurate numerical calculations of everything from the gravitational constant to the viscosity-to-entropy ratio of primordial plasma, program for mathematical verification. This makes its predictions experimentally falsifiable or confirmable.