The Cosmic Expansion: Characterizing the Primordial Universe from the Expanded Quantum String Theory with Gluonic Plasma (EQST-GP) Model

This paper presents a complete and unified theoretical framework, the Expanded Quantum String Theory with Gluonic Plasma (EQST-GP), derived from the fundamental action of M-theory. We demonstrate how the compactification of 11-dimensional supergravity on a Calabi-Yau manifold with an S 1 factor naturally gives rise to the Standard Model forces, Majorana gluon dark matter, and a negative energy term E neg originating from M5-brane vacuum fluctuations. This term Eneg ≈ −10 130 J m −3 is shown to dynamically modify the effective cosmological constant Λ eff (z) , providing a novel resolution to the Hubble tension. We fully derive the properties of the dark matter candidate, its interaction cross-sections ( σ DM−SM ≈ 3.1 × 10 −71 cm 2 ), its annihilation rate (⟨σv⟩ ≈ 3 × 10 −26 cm 3 s −1 ), and its gravitational imprint on primordial gravitational waves ( Ω GW (f) ≈ 10 −14 (f/10 −3 Hz) 2 ). All derivations are presented with complete mathematical rigor, numerical verification via sympy , and dimensional consistency. The model successfully reconciles Planck CMB measurements ( H 0 ≈ 67.4km/s/Mpc at z = 1100 ) with local universe observations ( H 0 ≈ 73km/s/Mpc at z = 0) through the z-dependence of Λ eff .