Neuroscience

Deletion of Neuroligins from Astrocytes Does Not Detectably Alter Synapse Numbers or Astrocyte Cytoarchitecture by Maturity

1. Samantha R Golf
2. Justin H Trotter
3. Jinzhao Wang
4. George Nakahara
5. Xiao Han
6. Marius Wernig
7. Thomas C Südhof

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This fundamental study examines whether synaptic cell adhesion molecules neuroligin 1-3 resident on astrocytes, rather than neurons, exert effects on synaptic structure and function. With compelling evidence, including rigorous validation of neuroligin deletion efficiency in astrocytes and independent confirmation using human neuron-mouse glia co-cultures, the authors report that deletion of neuroligins 1-3 specifically in astrocytes does not alter synapse formation or astrocyte morphology in the hippocampus or visual cortex. This study provides definitive evidence highlighting the specific role of neuronal neuroligins rather than their astrocytic counterparts in synaptogenesis.

Reviewed by eLife

Age-dependent predictors of effective reinforcement motor learning across childhood

1. Nayo M Hill
2. Haley M Tripp
3. Daniel M Wolpert
4. Laura A Malone
5. Amy J Bastian

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study tests the development of motor reinforcement learning from toddlerhood to adulthood, using a large online sample. They show that learning improves with age in a task that, like real-life movement, involves a continuous range of response options and probabilistic rewards, and link this shift to reduced movement variability and more efficient feedback-based learning through behavioural modeling. Simplifying the task with discrete actions and deterministic outcomes boosted younger children's performance, suggesting early learning is limited by spatial and probabilistic processing. The evidence is convincing, although future work may investigate more naturalistic movement.

Reviewed by eLife

Elucidating the selection mechanisms in context-dependent computation through low-rank neural network modeling

1. Yiteng Zhang
2. Jianfeng Feng
3. Bin Min

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides an important set of analyses and theoretical derivations to understand the mechanisms used by recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to perform context-dependent accumulation of evidence. The results regarding the dimensionality and neural dynamical signatures of RNNs are convincing and provide new avenues to study the mechanisms underlying context-dependent computations. This manuscript will be of interest to a broad audience in systems and computational neuroscience.

Reviewed by eLife

Human Brain-Wide Activation of Sleep Rhythms

1. Haiteng Wang
2. Qihong Zou
3. Jinbo Zhang
4. Jia-Hong Gao
5. Yunzhe Liu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The study reports valuable findings from a very rich EEG-fMRI dataset, including 107 participants, which was collected during nocturnal naps. Using overall solid methods, the authors link activity in memory-related brain regions (e.g., hippocampus, thalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex), and their functional connectivity to the occurrence of canonical sleep rhythms (spindles and slow oscillations) in non-rapid eye movement sleep. This work will be of broad interest to sleep and memory researchers and beyond.

Reviewed by eLife

Neural dynamics of reversal learning in the prefrontal cortex and recurrent neural networks

1. Christopher M Kim
2. Carson C Chow
3. Bruno B Averbeck

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The findings of this study are valuable, offering insights into the neural representation of reversal probability in decision-making tasks, with potential implications for understanding flexible behavior in changing environments. The study contains interesting comparisons between neural data and models, including evidence for partial consistency with line attractor models in this probabilistic reversal learning task. However, it remains incomplete due to issues related to how the RNN training and the analysis of its dynamics, which renders the evidence as not complete.

Reviewed by eLife

Calpain cleaves the carboxyl terminus of TRPV1 and modulates receptor tachyphylaxis

1. Jinyan Jiang
2. Xiaochen Wang
3. Jing Yang
4. Shuwen Gao
5. Jixuan Xu
6. Jiao Liu
7. Yun Wang
8. Ping Liang
9. Ying Zhang

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Intrinsic dynamic shapes responses to external stimulation in the human brain

1. Maximilian Nentwich
2. Marcin Leszczynski
3. Charles E Schroeder
4. Stephan Bickel
5. Lucas C Parra

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This manuscript presents an interesting new framework (VARX) for simultaneously quantifying effective connectivity in brain activity during sensory stimulation and how that brain activity is being driven by that sensory stimulation. The reviewers thought the model was original and its conclusion that intrinsic connectivity is reduced (rather than increased) during sensory stimulation is very interesting, but that for ideal performance, one must specify all sensory features in the model, which is not possible. Overall, however, this work is important with convincing evidence for its conclusions - it will be of interest to neuroscientists working on brain connectivity and dynamics.

Reviewed by eLife

How sleeping minds decide: state-specific reconfigurations of lexical decision-making

1. Tao Xia
2. Chuan-Peng Hu
3. Basak Türker
4. Esteban Munoz Musat
5. Lionel Naccache
6. Isabelle Arnulf
7. Delphine Oudiette
8. Xiaoqing Hu

Reviewed by preLights

Disentangling acute motor deficits and adaptive responses evoked by the loss of cerebellar output

1. Nirvik Sinha
2. Sharon Israely
3. Ora Ben Harosh
4. Ran Harel
5. Julius PA Dewald
6. Yifat Prut

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Using a unique cerebellar disruption approach in non-human primates, this study provides valuable new insight into how cerebellar inputs to the motor cortex contribute to reaching. The findings convincingly demonstrate that reaching movements following cerebellar disruption slow down because of both an acute deficit in producing muscle activity as well as a progressive decline in compensating for limb dynamics. This work will be of interest to neuroscientists and clinicians interested in cerebellar function and pathology.

Reviewed by eLife

Neural dynamics of visual working memory representation during sensory distraction

1. Jonas Karolis Degutis
2. Simon Weber
3. Joram Soch
4. John-Dylan Haynes

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study reports a reanalysis of one experiment of a previously-published report to characterize the dynamics of neural population codes during visual working memory in the presence of distracting information. This paper presents solid evidence that working memory representations are dynamic and distinct from sensory representations of intervening distractions. This research will be of interest to cognitive neuroscientists working on the neural bases of visual perception and memory.

Reviewed by eLife