Neuroscience

Psychedelics Align Brain Activity with Context

1. Devon Stoliker
2. Leonardo Novelli
3. Moein Khajehnejad
4. Mana Biabani
5. Tamrin Barta
6. Matthew D. Greaves
7. Martin Williams
8. Sidhant Chopra
9. Olivier Bazin
10. Otto Simonsson
11. Richard Chambers
12. Frederick Barrett
13. Gustavo Deco
14. Katrin H. Preller
15. Robin Carhart-Harris
16. Anil Seth
17. Suresh Sundram
18. Gary F. Egan
19. Adeel Razi

Reviewed by preLights

Listening to the room: disrupting activity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairs learning of room acoustics in human listeners

1. Heivet Hernández-Pérez
2. Jason Mikiel-Hunter
3. James Traer
4. Jessica JM Monaghan
5. Paul F Sowman
6. David McAlpine

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment:

  This study addresses valuable questions about the neural mechanisms underlying statistical learning of room acoustics, combining robust behavioral measures with non-invasive brain stimulation. The behavioral findings are strong and extend previous work in psychoacoustics, but the TMS results are modest, with methodological limitations and over-interpretation that weaken the mechanistic conclusions. The strength of evidence is therefore incomplete, and a more cautious interpretation of the stimulation findings, alongside strengthened analyses, would improve the manuscript.

Reviewed by eLife

Astrocytic modulation of population encoding in mouse visual cortex via GABA transporter 3 revealed by multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing

1. Jiho Park
2. Grayson O Sipe
3. Xin Tang
4. Prachi Ojha
5. Giselle Fernandes
6. Yi Ning Leow
7. Caroline Zhang
8. Yuma Osako
9. Arundhati Natesan
10. Gabrielle T Drummond
11. Rudolf Jaenisch
12. Mriganka Sur

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this manuscript, Park et al. developed a multiplexed CRISPR construct to genetically ablate the GABA transporter GAT3 in the mouse visual cortex, with effects on population-level neuronal activity. This work is important, as it sheds light on how GAT3 controls the processing of visual information. The findings are compelling, leveraging state-of-the-art gene CRISPR/Cas9, in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy, and advanced statistical modeling.

Reviewed by eLife

Patchy striatonigral neurons modulate locomotor vigor in response to environmental valence

1. Sarah Hawes
2. Bo Liang
3. Braden Oldham
4. Breanna T Sullivan
5. Lupeng Wang
6. Bin Song
7. Lisa Chang
8. Da-Ting Lin
9. Huaibin Cai

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The manuscript provides important findings on how striatal projection neurons regulate spontaneous locomotion speed in the context of implicit motivation and distinct contextual valence. The manuscript presented convincing supporting evidence for the findings. This work will be of broad interest to neuroscientists in the fields of basal ganglia, movement control, and cognition.

Reviewed by eLife

Stimulus-Dependent Theta Rhythmic Activity in Primate V1 Predicts Visual Detection

1. Prasakti Tenri Fanyiwi
2. Beshoy Agayby
3. Ricardo Kienitz
4. Marcus Haag
5. Jaime Cadena-Valencia
6. Michael C Schmid

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study shows that stimuli of a certain size elicit theta oscillations in V1 neurons both in spikes and local field potentials, and monkeys performing a dot detection task on these stimuli show theta rhythmicity in their response times. This replicates previous findings showing rhythmic theta activity in V4 and behaviour when stimuli are presented in the receptive field along with a surrounding flanker stimulus. However, there is incomplete evidence that rhythmicity in neural activity is related to the rhythmicity in behavior, and the mechanisms underlying these oscillations remain unclear.

Reviewed by eLife

Adult neurogenesis reconciles flexibility and stability of olfactory perceptual memory

1. Bennet Sakelaris
2. Hermann Riecke

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this important study, the authors use computational modeling to explore how fast learning can be reconciled with the accumulation of stable memories in the olfactory bulb, where adult neurogenesis is prominent. Their model demonstrates that changes in excitability, plasticity, and susceptibility to apoptosis during the maturation of adult-born granule cells can help resolve the flexibility-stability dilemma. These compelling results provide a coherent picture of a neurogenesis-dependent learning process that is consistent with diverse experimental observations and may serve as a foundation for further experimental and computational studies.

Reviewed by eLife

Synchronous ensembles of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons during novel exploration

1. En-Li Chen
2. Tsai-Wen Chen
3. Eric R Schreiter
4. Bei-Jung Lin

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this valuable study, the authors use a cutting-edge method to perform voltage imaging of CA1 pyramidal cells in head-fixed mice running on a track while local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded in the contralateral hemisphere. The authors provide solid evidence of synchronous ensembles of CA1 pyramidal neurons that are associated with contralaterally recorded theta rhythms but not with contralaterally recorded sharp wave-ripples during exploration of a novel environment. The paper will be of interest to scientists who are interested in hippocampal neuronal coding of novel environments, particularly those with experimental questions that can benefit from this cutting-edge imaging technique.

Reviewed by eLife

Neural signatures of motor memories emerge in neural network models

1. Joanna C Chang
2. Claudia Clopath
3. Juan A Gallego

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents valuable computational findings on the neural basis of learning new motor memories without interfering with previously learned behaviours using recurrent neural networks. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid, but it would benefit from stronger and clearer links with experimental findings. This work will be of interest to computational and experimental neuroscientists working in motor learning.

Reviewed by eLife

Cortical layer 6b mediates state-dependent changes in brain activity and effects of orexin on waking and sleep

1. Elise J Meijer
2. Marissa Mueller
3. Lukas B Krone
4. Tomoko Yamagata
5. Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen
6. Sian Wilcox
7. Hannah Alfonsa
8. Atreyi Chakrabarty
9. Luiz Guidi
10. Peter L Oliver
11. Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
12. Zoltán Molnár

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study offers a valuable contribution to our understanding of the role of layer 6b cortical neurons in sleep-wake regulation, providing new insight into how this understudied neural population may regulate cortical arousal via orexin signaling. The evidence supporting these findings is solid, although somewhat constrained by limitations in the specificity of the genetic targeting strategy. Nonetheless, the work introduces new avenues for uncovering how the classical wake-promoting peptide, orexin, exerts its effects on the cortex.

Reviewed by eLife

Resolving synaptic events using subsynaptically targeted GCaMP8 variants

1. Jiawen Chen
2. Junhao Lin
3. Kaikai He
4. Luyi Wang
5. Yifu Han
6. Chengjie Qiu
7. Dion Dickman

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this important study, the authors engineered and characterised novel genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) and an analytical tool (CaFire) capable of reporting and quantifying various sub-synaptic events, including miniature synaptic events, with a speed and sensitivity approaching that of intracellular electrophysiological recordings. While the evidence supporting the improvements in the speed and accuracy of these tools is convincing, including additional information about key imaging parameters, the Bar8f experiments, and CaFire would strengthen the study. This work will be of interest to neurobiologists studying synaptic calcium dynamics in various model systems.

Reviewed by eLife