Neuroscience

Axonal injury signaling is restrained by a spared synaptic branch

1. Laura J Smithson
2. Juliana Zang
3. Lucas Junginger
4. Thomas J Waller
5. Reilly Jankowiak
6. Sophia Khan
7. Ye Li
8. Dawen Cai
9. Catherine A Collins

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study leverages the power of Drosophila genetics and sparsely-labeled neurons to propose an intriguing new model for neuronal injury signaling. The authors present convincing evidence to show that the somatic response to axonal injury can be suppressed if the injury is not complete, suggesting the presence of a new mode of injury 'integration.' While the underlying mechanism of this fascinating observation has yet to be determined, the phenomenon itself will be of broad significance in the field.

Reviewed by eLife

Dilated cardiomyopathy-associated RNA Binding Motif Protein 20 regulates long pre-mRNAs in neurons

1. Giulia Di Bartolomei
2. Raul Ortiz
3. Dietmar Schreiner
4. Susanne Falkner
5. Esther E Creemers
6. Peter Scheiffele

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study reports that the RNA binding and cardiomyopathy-associated protein RBM20 is expressed in specific populations of neurons in the CNS, where it binds to and regulates the expression of synapse-related RNAs. This is an important finding because it reveals a new mechanism for gene regulation in neurons by an RNA binding protein previously studied in the heart; the authors also provide data to suggest that the mechanism by which RBM20 acts in neurons may be distinct from the splicing regulation studied in cardiac tissue. The data in support of the binding and regulation of RNAs by RBM20 is compelling, using leading edge sequencing methods to determine RNA binding profiles, and cell type specific genetics for evaluation of function.

Reviewed by eLife

Late maturation of semantic control promotes conceptual development

1. Rebecca L Jackson
2. Matthew A Lambon Ralph
3. Timothy T Rogers

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents valuable findings suggesting that the late maturation of prefrontal cortex-based control processes enhances conceptual learning by allowing a period of less-constrained knowledge acquisition. The authors provide convincing computational evidence that delayed semantic control promotes learning without compromising representation integrity, with the strongest benefits emerging when control connections target intermediate layers of the model. However, the model's narrow scope raises concerns about scalability to more complex, real-world learning environments, and the meta-analysis, while supporting the developmental trajectory, does not directly test the model's specific predictions regarding task outcomes or error patterns.

Reviewed by eLife

MorphoCellSorter is an Andrews plot-based sorting approach to rank microglia according to their morphological features

1. Sarah Benkeder
2. Son-Michel Dinh
3. Paul Marchal
4. Priscille De Gea
5. Muriel Thoby-Brisson
6. Violaine Hubert
7. Ines Hristovska
8. Gabriel Pitollat
9. Kassandre Combet
10. Laura Cardoit
11. Bruno Pillot
12. Christelle Leon
13. Marlene Wiart
14. Serge Marthy
15. Jérôme Honnorat
16. Olivier Pascual
17. Jean-Christophe Comte

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The study describes a useful tool for assessing microglia morphology in a variety of experimental conditions. The MorphoCellSorter provides a solid platform for ranking microglia to reflect their morphology continuum and may offer new insight into changes in morphology associated with injury or disease. While the study provides an alternative approach to existing methods for measuring microglia morphology, the functional significance of the measured morphological changes were not determined.

Reviewed by eLife

Next-generation Cu(II) selective peptide shuttles prevent Cu(Aβ)-induced toxicity and microglial activation in organotypic hippocampal slices

1. Michael Okafor
2. David Schmitt
3. Stéphane Gasman
4. Laurent Raibaut
5. Christelle Hureau
6. Peter Faller
7. Nicolas Vitale

Reviewed by Review Commons

Electrophysiology and morphology of human cortical supragranular pyramidal cells in a wide age range

1. Pál Barzó
2. Ildikó Szöts
3. Martin Tóth
4. Éva Adrienn Csajbók
5. Gábor Molnár
6. Gábor Tamás

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this revised work, Barzó et al. assessed the electrophysiological and anatomical properties of a large number of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in brain slices of human neocortex across a wide range of ages, from infancy to elderly individuals, using whole-cell patch clamp recordings and anatomical reconstructions. This large data set represents an important contribution to our understanding of how these properties change across the human lifespan, supported by convincing data and analyses. The authors have addressed the concerns raised in previous reviews. Overall, this study strengthens our understanding of how the neural properties of human cortical neurons change with age and will contribute to building more realistic models of human cortical function.

Reviewed by eLife

Prosapip1 in the dorsal hippocampus mediates synaptic protein composition, long-term potentiation, and spatial memory

1. Zachary W Hoisington
2. Himanshu Gangal
3. Khanhky Phamluong
4. Chhavi Shukla
5. Yann Ehinger
6. Jeffrey J Moffat
7. Gregg E Homanics
8. Jun Wang
9. Dorit Ron

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study aims to understand the function of ProSAP-interacting protein 1 (Prosapip1) in the brain. Using a conditional Prosapip1 KO mouse (floxed prosapip1 crossed with Syn1-Cre line), the authors performed analysis including protein biochemistry, synaptic physiology, and behavioral learning. Convincing evidence from this study supports a role of Prosapip 1 in synaptic protein composition, synaptic NMDA responses, LTP, and spatial memory.

Reviewed by eLife

A gradual transition toward categorical representations along the visual hierarchy during working memory, but not perception

1. Chaipat Chunharas
2. Michael J Wolff
3. Meike D Hettwer
4. Rosanne L Rademaker

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study examined orientation representations along the visual hierarchy during perception and working memory. The authors provide results suggesting that during working memory there is a gradient where representations are more categorical in nature later in the visual hierarchy. The evidence presented is solid, most notably a match between behavioral data, though minor weakness can be attributed to the tasks and behaviors not being designed to address this question. The findings should be of interest to a relatively broad audience, namely those interested in the relationship between sensory coding and memory.

Reviewed by eLife

Stimulus representation in human frontal cortex supports flexible control in working memory

1. Zhujun Shao
2. Mengya Zhang
3. Qing Yu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This work presents important findings that the human frontal cortex is involved in a flexible, dual role in both maintaining information in short-term memory, and controlling this memory content to guide adaptive behavior and decisions. The evidence supporting the conclusions is compelling, with a well-designed task, best-practice decoding methods, and careful control analyses. The work will be of broad interest to cognitive neuroscience researchers working on working memory and cognitive control.

Reviewed by eLife

Plasma Membrane Remodelling in GM2 Gangliosidoses Drives Synaptic Dysfunction

1. Alex S. Nicholson
2. David A. Priestman
3. Robin Antrobus
4. James C. Williamson
5. Reuben Bush
6. Henry G. Barrow
7. Emily Smith
8. Kostantin Dobrenis
9. Nicholas A. Bright
10. Frances M. Platt
11. Janet E. Deane

Reviewed by Review Commons