Neuroscience

Predominantly linear summation of metabotropic postsynaptic potentials follows coactivation of neurogliaform interneurons

1. Attila Ozsvár
2. Gergely Komlósi
3. Gáspár Oláh
4. Judith Baka
5. Gábor Molnár
6. Gábor Tamás

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript provides quantitative information of the integration of GABA-A and GABA-B receptor inhibitory responses in cortical pyramidal neurons induced by a presynaptic GABAergic neuron type called neurogliaform cell (NGFC). Experimental and modeling data suggest that NGFCs converge onto postsynaptic neurons with sublinear summation of ionotropic GABA-A potentials and linear summation of metabotropic GABA-B potentials probably due to a preferential spatial distribution of GABA-B receptor-GIRK clusters on the dendritic spines of postsynaptic neurons. The data represent an attempt to gain insights into the logic of GABA volume transmission within cortical microcircuits.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Graded spikes differentially signal neurotransmitter input in cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons of the mouse spinal cord

1. Emily Johnson
2. Marilyn Clark
3. Merve Oncul
4. Claudia MacLean
5. Jim Deuchars
6. Susan A. Deuchars
7. Jamie Johnston

• Curated by eLife

  Summary: The reviewers have found the topic of your study of high interest, with very intriguing findings on the different origins of calcium transients in CSFcNs.

  However, after a careful examination of your work , the reviewers have raised the following major concerns:

  1. To conclude on calcium spikes, the imaging data without electrophysiological calibration leaves too much unknown. A careful electrophysiological examination should reveal how calcium transients of different amplitude correlate with the electrical activity of the cell, calcium spikes and spontaneous PKD2L1 channel openings as described extensively in these cells, is absolutely mandatory to conclude.

  2. The manuscript shows a lack of consideration of the importance of the sensory functions and of the role of channel PKDL1 that are both well-established in CSFcNs in mice and other models. More work is necessary to relate to these critical aspects.

  3. The number of animals for juvenile and adult mice used by the authors should be clearly stated (the manuscript only refers to the total number) but also largely increased for the authors to reach robust conclusions.

  4. Overall, more rigor should be implemented throughout the entire manuscript, with a deep writing improvement and a careful inspection of figure panels (choice and fair / complete representation of the data) and more information on conditions used for experiments (promoter used, concentrations for pharmacological agents, selection of ROIs, ventral versus dorsal CSF-cNs, definition and proportion of silent cells, enrichment in the T and L type calcium channels, etc ... ).

  Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #4 opted to reveal their name to the authors in the decision letter after review.

Reviewed by eLife

Bacterial diet affects the age-dependent decline of associative learning in Caenorhabditis elegans

1. Satoshi Higurashi
2. Sachio Tsukada
3. Binta Maria Aleogho
4. Joo Hyun Park
5. Yana Al-Hebri
6. Masaru Tanaka
7. Shunji Nakano
8. Ikue Mori
9. Kentaro Noma

Reviewed by eLife

An expanding manifold in transmodal regions characterizes adolescent reconfiguration of structural connectome organization

1. Bo-yong Park
2. Richard A. I. Bethlehem
3. Casey Paquola
4. Sara Larivière
5. Raul R. Cruces
6. Reinder Vos de Wael
7. Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN) Consortium
8. Edward T. Bullmore
9. Boris C. Bernhardt

• Curated by eLife

  Summary: This manuscript describes a longitudinal study of the adolescent structural connectome. Park et al. report on an analysis of existing semi-longitudinal NSPN 2400 data to learn how the projections of high-dimensional structural connectivity patterns onto a three dimensional subspace change with age during adolescence. They employ a non-linear manifold learning algorithm (diffusion embedding), thereby linking the maturation of global structural connectivity patterns to an emerging approach in understanding brain organization through spatial gradient representations. The authors find strong effects of expansion of structural connectomes in transmodal brain regions during adolescence. They also report findings centered on the caudate and thalamus, and supplement the structural connectivity analyses with transcriptome association analyses revealing genes enriched in specific brain regions. Finally, intelligence measures are predicted from baseline structural measures.

  This is an interesting and comprehensive set of analyses on an important topic. Overall, the figures are lovely. The sensitivity analyses are particularly commendable. The paper is well written, the data are fantastic, and the analyses are interesting. Some suggestions and points for clarification (both theoretical and methodological) are below.

  Reviewer #3 opted to reveal their name to the authors in the decision letter after review.

Reviewed by eLife

Functional specialization within the inferior parietal lobes across cognitive domains

1. Ole Numssen
2. Danilo Bzdok
3. Gesa Hartwigsen

• Curated by eLife

  Summary: Overall the reviewers felt that the manuscript had a fair amount of promise but raised some issues about the specific tasks used and some details of the analysis. One reviewer in particular felt that the manuscript should be reworked around the functional connectivity results, which would strengthen the manuscript. I tend to agree with this assessment, particularly as concerns the lateralization framing which is not very well explored by these tasks.

Reviewed by eLife

Spatial modulation of visual responses arises in cortex with active navigation

1. E Mika Diamanti
2. Charu Bai Reddy
3. Sylvia Schröder
4. Tomaso Muzzu
5. Kenneth D Harris
6. Aman B Saleem
7. Matteo Carandini

• Curated by eLife

  Summary: This paper investigates the modulation of spatial signals in higher order visual areas in mice navigating virtual reality environments. Previous work demonstrated that the spatial position of an animal modulates neural activity in the primary visual cortex (V1). Here, the authors demonstrate that this spatial modulation however, is not a general feature of the visual circuit. Similar spatial modulation occurs in higher visual areas but not in lower visual areas, such as the lateral geniculate nucleus. Moreover, this work finds that spatial modulation was stronger when animals had more experience on the track and when the animals were actively performing a task, rather than when the animal was passively viewing the same virtual track. Since the first reports that visual neurons show modulation by spatial position during spatial navigation tasks, similar to that observed in hippocampal place cells, the source of this modulation has been an open question. This work adds new insight regarding this question, suggesting that it is likely either generated within the visual cortex itself or propagated in a top-down manner from higher brain areas, rather than in a bottom-up manner from the thalamus.

Reviewed by eLife

Effects of order on memory of event times

1. Michelangelo Naim
2. Mikhail Katkov
3. Misha Tsodyks

Reviewed by eLife

Neural dynamics of semantic categorization in semantic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia

1. V. Borghesani
2. C. L. Dale
3. S. Lukic
4. L. B. N. Hinkley
5. M. Lauricella
6. W. Shwe
7. D. Mizuiri
8. S. Honma
9. Z. Miller
10. B. Miller
11. J. F. Houde
12. M.L. Gorno-Tempini
13. S. S. Nagarajan

• Curated by eLife

  Summary: Borghesani and colleagues aimed to understand how dysfunction in the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) alters dynamic activity during semantic categorization. They contrast MEG responses between 18 patients with semantic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) and 18 age-matched healthy controls. Both groups show similar profiles of behavioural performance on the task, and broad similarities in MEG responses. Critically, however, svPPA patients show enhanced gamma synchronization in the occipital lobe compared to controls. The authors interpret this as reflecting increased engagement of / reliance on early perceptual mechanisms for completing the task, as opposed to semantic identification of the picture.

  Overall, the reviewers found the manuscript interesting. As svPPA is a rare (but scientifically informative) disorder, the sample size is impressive, and given that relatively few MEG studies exist in PPA at all, this is an interesting dataset. However, the general opinion is that the results could be more fully characterized, which would allow for more expansive interpretations and inferences.

  This manuscript is in revision at eLife.

  Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 opted to reveal their name to the authors in the decision letter after review.

Reviewed by eLife

The neural basis of intelligence in fine-grained cortical topographies

1. Ma Feilong
2. J. Swaroop Guntupalli
3. James V. Haxby

• Curated by eLife

  Summary: In this work, Feilong and colleagues use the Human Connectome Project fMRI data to investigate the degree to which the strength of functional connectivity is predictive of general intelligence, and the degree to which that predictive power is improved using the hyperalignment procedures their lab has developed. More specifically, the authors predict general intelligence using either coarse-grained functional connectivity (based on 360 ROIs) or fine-grained functional connectivity (vertex-wise) after hyperalignment. The results show a two-fold increase in variance explained in general intelligence between coarse-grained and fine-grained connectivity. This is a very clearly-written paper that presents an important result, which has the potential of great impact on the field of behavioral prediction. However, the reviewers and editors do have some significant concerns with the predictive modeling presented in this work.

  Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 opted to reveal their name to the authors in the decision letter after review.

Reviewed by eLife

Multiple neuronal networks coordinate Hydra mechanosensory behavior

1. Krishna N Badhiwala
2. Abby S Primack
3. Celina E Juliano
4. Jacob T Robinson

• Curated by eLife

  Summary: Specifically, all of the reviewers agreed that the emerging Hydra system holds great promise for neuroscience discoveries. Moreover, some of the findings presented here have the potential to be of use to other scientists who work in this system. However, we felt that the findings here were too preliminary and underdeveloped. In particular reviewers felt that 1) multiple locations across the Hydra's body should be stimulated coupled with mapping the behavioral and neuronal correlates of such stimulation, 2) the pan-neuronal nature of the bulk calcium measurements made it challenging to fully appreciate which neuronal circuits might be driving the sensorimotor responses, 3) uniform proxies for measuring/plotting the behavior would be useful, 4) the ablation studies lacked cellular resolution, similar to the calcium imaging experiments.

Reviewed by eLife