Neuroscience

Non-invasive diagnostic method to objectively measure olfaction and diagnose smell disorders by molecularly targeted fluorescent imaging agent

1. Dauren Adilbay
2. Junior Gonzales
3. Marianna Zazhytska
4. Paula Demetrio de Souza Franca
5. Sheryl Roberts
6. Tara Viray
7. Raik Artschwager
8. Snehal Patel
9. Albana Kodra
10. Jonathan B. Overdevest
11. Chun Yuen Chow
12. Glenn F. King
13. Sanjay K. Jain
14. Alvaro A. Ordonez
15. Laurence S. Carroll
16. Thomas Reiner
17. Nagavarakishore Pillarsetty

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Dopamine enhances model-free credit assignment through boosting of retrospective model-based inference

1. Lorenz Deserno
2. Rani Moran
3. Jochen Michely
4. Ying Lee
5. Peter Dayan
6. Raymond J Dolan

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper provides behavioral and modeling evidence for the hypothesis that dopamine is involved in the interaction between distinct model-based and model-free control systems. The issue addressed is timely and clinically relevant, and will be of interest to a broad audience interested in dopamine, learning, choice and planning.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Judgments of agency are affected by sensory noise without recruiting metacognitive processing

1. Marika Constant
2. Roy Salomon
3. Elisa Filevich

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This is a well-designed and well-executed study on the computational mechanisms underlying judgements of agency in an action-outcome delay task. The authors report that unlike judgments of confidence, judgments of agency do not recruit metacognitive processes. This difference between agency and confidence could be an important insight, but more needs to be done to address conceptual issues associated with the definition of metacognition, and the specific features of the task and modeling approach used to obtain and interpret the findings.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Task-related hemodynamic responses in human early visual cortex are modulated by task difficulty and behavioral performance

1. Charlie S Burlingham
2. Minyoung Ryoo
3. Zvi N Roth
4. Saghar Mirbagheri
5. David J Heeger
6. Elisha P Merriam

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This work will be of general interest to those using hemodynamic imaging, such as fMRI, to study the brain. A hemodynamic signature that is modulated by arousal level changes on a trial-to-trial basis, such as those evoked by a difficult task, would both provide insight into arousal influences on cortical activity and characterize a prominent signal in hemodynamic data that is rarely considered. Overall, the data and analyses provide support for this idea, but would benefit from additional analysis, controls, and a better framework for integrating this work with the existing literature and mechanistic understanding of arousal, neural activity, and behavior.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Nonlinear transient amplification in recurrent neural networks with short-term plasticity

1. Yue Kris Wu
2. Friedemann Zenke

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Networks of excitatory neurons in the mammalian cortex are capable of responding rapidly and selectively to incoming stimuli. This rapid response is believed to be due to positive feedback among excitatory cells, which necessitates a stabilizing mechanism at circuit and cellular levels. This modelling study shows how short term plasticity at synapses can stabilize the response of a recurrently connected circuit of excitatory and inhibitory cells, whereas intrinsic spike frequency adaptation is unable to stabilise network responses. These findings deepen our understanding of the various mechanisms that can stabilise circuit dynamics and will be of broad interest to neurophysiologists and theoretical neuroscientists.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Learning differentially shapes prefrontal and hippocampal activity during classical conditioning

1. Jan L Klee
2. Bryan C Souza
3. Francesco P Battaglia

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The hippocampal CA1 area and the PFC are extensively studied in spatial navigation tasks but relatively less investigated in non-spatial, classical conditioning tasks. The different dynamics between CA1 and PFC during the trace and inter-trial interval periods identified here are insightful. Also, the ensemble reactivation during explicitly non-spatial tasks is novel and fills a critical gap in knowledge. However, the current form does not highlight these novel findings or does not make a strong case on how they contribute to learning. Furthermore, there are a number of experimental and analytical issues that need to be addressed.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

The Importance of Semantic Network Brain Regions in Integrating Prior Knowledge with an Ongoing Dialogue

1. Petar P. Raykov
2. James L. Keidel
3. Jane Oakhill
4. Chris M. Bird

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Widespread nociceptive maps in the human neonatal somatosensory cortex

1. Laura Jones
2. Madeleine Verriotis
3. Robert J Cooper
4. Maria Pureza Laudiano-Dray
5. Mohammed Rupawala
6. Judith Meek
7. Lorenzo Fabrizi
8. Maria Fitzgerald

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper is of interest to developmental neuroscientists who study the early stages of cortical maturation and specialization, particularly in the context of somatosensory and pain system development. The authors suggest that, relative to the infant touch somatotopic map, the infant nociceptive map is more widespread and poorly localised, consistent with infants' poorly directed pain behaviour. However, there are differences in the the implementation of touch and pain conditions and concerns around the analyses that limit support for this interpretation.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Repair of noise-induced damage to stereocilia F-actin cores is facilitated by XIRP2 and its novel mechanosensor domain

1. Elizabeth L Wagner
2. Jun-Sub Im
3. Stefano Sala
4. Maura I Nakahata
5. Terence E Imbery
6. Sihan Li
7. Daniel Chen
8. Katherine Nimchuk
9. Yael Noy
10. David W Archer
11. Wenhao Xu
12. George Hashisaki
13. Karen B Avraham
14. Patrick W Oakes
15. Jung-Bum Shin

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study investigates a process by which hair cell stereocilia, the sensory structures that respond to sound in the hearing organ and to head motion or tilt in the vestibular organ, can recover from damage-induced gaps in their actin core, possibly allowing for the rescue of transient hearing loss after exposure to noise. This manuscript will be of strong interest to the inner ear field as well as readers with broader interest in actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Although meticulous controls, a combination of molecular, histological and functional studies and an innovative mouse model generally support the major conclusions of this study, additional controls are needed to confirm the mechanistic claims made in the manuscript.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Standardizing workflows in imaging transcriptomics with the abagen toolbox

1. Ross D Markello
2. Aurina Arnatkeviciute
3. Jean-Baptiste Poline
4. Ben D Fulcher
5. Alex Fornito
6. Bratislav Misic

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to scientists studying the large-scale transcriptomic organization of the human brain, and in particular those who have used or plan to use the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset. The study is well-motivated and novel. The most striking finding is the magnitude of variability that is introduced by different data-processing decisions. The open-source software described in this study is an important contribution to the field and will be of broad utility.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1, Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife