Neuroscience

Astroglial CD38 regulates social memory and synapse formation through SPARCL1 in the medial prefrontal cortex

1. Tsuyoshi Hattori
2. Stanislav M Cherepanov
3. Ryo Sakaga
4. Jureepon Roboon
5. Dinh Thi Nguyen
6. Hiroshi Ishii
7. Mika Takarada-Iemata
8. Takumi Nishiuchi
9. Takayuki Kannon
10. Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
11. Atsushi Tajima
12. Yasuhiko Yamamoto
13. Hiroshi Okamoto
14. Akira Sugawara
15. Haruhiro Higashida
16. Osamu Hori

Reviewed by Review Commons

BehaviorDEPOT is a simple, flexible tool for automated behavioral detection based on markerless pose tracking

1. Christopher J Gabriel
2. Zachary Zeidler
3. Benita Jin
4. Changliang Guo
5. Caitlin M Goodpaster
6. Adrienne Q Kashay
7. Anna Wu
8. Molly Delaney
9. Jovian Cheung
10. Lauren E DiFazio
11. Melissa J Sharpe
12. Daniel Aharoni
13. Scott A Wilke
14. Laura A DeNardo

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper is of potential interest to researchers performing animal behavioral quantification with computer vision tools. The manuscript introduces 'BehaviorDEPOT', a MATLAB application and GUI intended to facilitate quantification and analysis of freezing behavior from behavior movies, along with several other classifiers based on movement statistics calculated from animal pose data. The paper describes how the tool can be applied to several specific types of experiments, and emphasizes the ease of use - particularly for groups without experience in coding or behavioral quantification. While these aims are laudable, and the software is relatively easy to use, further improvements to make the tool more automated would substantially broaden the likely user base.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Reorganization of postmitotic neuronal chromatin accessibility for maturation of serotonergic identity

1. Xinrui L Zhang
2. William C Spencer
3. Nobuko Tabuchi
4. Meagan M Kitt
5. Evan S Deneris

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to developmental biologists who study the gene regulatory mechanisms necessary for induction and maintenance of postmitotic neuronal identity. The study generated a useful resource of genomic data and provided new insights into the dynamic regulation of accessible chromatin regions in post-mitotic serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the mouse hindbrain. This work proposes two transcription factors (Pet1, Lmx1b) as necessary for establishment and maintenance of accessible chromatin regions in serotonin (5-HT) neurons. The study is a major technical achievement but some of the central claims are not yet fully demonstrated.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Magnetic stimulation allows focal activation of the mouse cochlea

1. Jae-Ik Lee
2. Richard Seist
3. Stephen McInturff
4. Daniel J Lee
5. M Christian Brown
6. Konstantina M Stankovic
7. Shelley Fried

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study provides a demonstration that magnetic stimulation of the cochlea is feasible and suggests it could be more precise than electrical stimulation for cochlear implants. The conclusions of the paper are mostly well supported by data, but some aspects of the experimental procedure, the neuronal response acquisition, and the data analysis need to be clarified and extended.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Generation of a CRF1-Cre transgenic rat and the role of central amygdala CRF1 cells in nociception and anxiety-like behavior

1. Marcus M Weera
2. Abigail E Agoglia
3. Eliza Douglass
4. Zhiying Jiang
5. Shivakumar Rajamanickam
6. Rosetta S Shackett
7. Melissa A Herman
8. Nicholas J Justice
9. Nicholas W Gilpin

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript describes, characterizes, and validates a novel transgenic tool that will be useful for the study of stress neurobiology and the function of the stress-related neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor. This tool will be especially relevant to the study of stress and related fields, such as addiction, in which rats are a critical model system. There is comprehensive histochemical and functional validation of the novel rat that broadly supports its proposed utility for visualizing and providing access to central amygdala CRF1 receptor-expressing neurons.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Distinct representations of body and head motion are dynamically encoded by Purkinje cell populations in the macaque cerebellum

1. Omid A Zobeiri
2. Kathleen E Cullen

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Zobeiri and Cullen address the important question of how the cerebellum transforms multiple streams of sensory information into an estimate of the motion of the body in the world. They find that Purkinje cells, the inhibitory principal neurons of the cerebellar cortex, have multimodal and highly diverse responses to vestibular and neck proprioceptive inputs. Notably, this information is combined in a way that is different than what is seen in downstream fastigial neurons, which reflect either head or body motion, but not both. The experiments are well executed, generating data that provide important and novel insights, but there are shortcomings in the model put forward to account for these results.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

In vivo MRI is sensitive to remyelination in a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis

1. Maxime Donadieu
2. Nathanael J Lee
3. María I Gaitán
4. Seung-Kwon Ha
5. Nicholas J Luciano
6. Snehashis Roy
7. Benjamin Ineichen
8. Emily C Leibovitch
9. Cecil C Yen
10. Dzung L Pham
11. Afonso C Silva
12. Mac Johnson
13. Steve Jacobson
14. Pascal Sati
15. Daniel S Reich

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Reich and colleagues have combined MRI imaging and histopathology to study the remyelination of brain lesions in an EAE marmoset model of multiple sclerosis. This work addresses in a non-human primate a missing link in the neuropathology of myelin repair, because in human MS it is virtually impossible to study the lesion dynamics by MRI (in live patients) and demyelination by histology (upon brain autopsy). The present manuscript would be improved by adding further histological evidence of remyelination and clarifying open questions of data acquisition.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Contextual effects in sensorimotor adaptation adhere to associative learning rules

1. Guy Avraham
2. Jordan A Taylor
3. Assaf Breska
4. Richard B Ivry
5. Samuel D McDougle

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper is of interest to scientists within the field of motor control and learning. The experiments provide novel insight into the potential role of associative learning in sensorimotor adaptation. The results are compelling, although further data are required to support several key conclusions.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Dendritic branch structure compartmentalizes voltage-dependent calcium influx in cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal cells

1. Andrew T Landau
2. Pojeong Park
3. J David Wong-Campos
4. He Tian
5. Adam E Cohen
6. Bernardo L Sabatini

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Synaptic plasticity typically requires the conjunction of dendritic action potentials and synaptic activation. Together these signals cause nonlinear changes in calcium influx that then drive plasticity. The strength of these interactions can vary in complex ways. The authors use an elegant combination of imaging and electrophysiology to convincingly show how some of these complexities in murine cortical neurons arise from electrical properties of neuronal dendrites and synaptic NMDA receptors. This is a thorough and well done analysis of a set of issues that have implications for the ways in which dendritic morphology affect plasticity "rules." The underlying principles are largely previously understood, but their implications (e.g. the difference between voltage dependence of calcium channel and NMDA receptor calcium influx) are not widely appreciated and yet have important effects on the resulting integration.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice

1. Amol Bhandare
2. Joseph van de Wiel
3. Reno Roberts
4. Ingke Braren
5. Robert Huckstepp
6. Nicholas Dale

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study utilizes a miniscope approach and GCaMP6 in freely behaving conscious mice to record CO2-associated multicellular calcium responses of neurons or glia in brainstem regions implicated in CO2-dependent control of breathing. The application of this approach in this context is extremely attractive, and new to the respiratory neurobiology field. Several technical improvements could strengthen the manuscript. Foremost, the study is broad in scope and consequently not always technically rigorous in important aspects such as identification of cell types imaged. In some cases that affects interpretation of the significance of the results. Since some of the conclusions about cellular responses to CO2 are mostly at odds with a substantial literature using more established techniques, there is even greater onus on the authors to ensure reliability of the results.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife