Neuroscience

Binary and analog variation of synapses between cortical pyramidal neurons

1. Sven Dorkenwald
2. Nicholas L Turner
3. Thomas Macrina
4. Kisuk Lee
5. Ran Lu
6. Jingpeng Wu
7. Agnes L Bodor
8. Adam A Bleckert
9. Derrick Brittain
10. Nico Kemnitz
11. William M Silversmith
12. Dodam Ih
13. Jonathan Zung
14. Aleksandar Zlateski
15. Ignacio Tartavull
16. Szi-Chieh Yu
17. Sergiy Popovych
18. William Wong
19. Manuel Castro
20. Chris S Jordan
21. Alyssa M Wilson
22. Emmanouil Froudarakis
23. JoAnn Buchanan
24. Marc M Takeno
25. Russel Torres
26. Gayathri Mahalingam
27. Forrest Collman
28. Casey M Schneider-Mizell
29. Daniel J Bumbarger
30. Yang Li
31. Lynne Becker
32. Shelby Suckow
33. Jacob Reimer
34. Andreas S Tolias
35. Nuno Macarico da Costa
36. R Clay Reid
37. H Sebastian Seung

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Synaptic connections are crucial for determining neural circuit function and for storing adaptive changes in the brain. This study performs a highly detailed quantitative analysis of certain excitatory connections in mouse neocortex, and finds that the physical size of these connections has a bimodal distribution. This is an important finding that has implications for our understanding of synaptic plasticity and neural circuit dynamics.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Brain-wide screen of prelimbic cortex inputs reveals a functional shift during early fear memory consolidation

1. Lucie Dixsaut
2. Johannes Gräff

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper, of interest to neuroscientists in the field of memory engrams, presents novel insights to understand the complex functional network connected with the prefrontal cortex that shape memory-related neuronal ensembles and modulate memory formation in a time-dependent manner. The large data set due to the systematic approach yielded transparent, well analyzed, and clearly presented data. Still, the conclusions require additional support and extended discussion.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Audiovisual task switching rapidly modulates sound encoding in mouse auditory cortex

1. Ryan J Morrill
2. James Bigelow
3. Jefferson DeKloe
4. Andrea R Hasenstaub

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study establishes for the first time that selective auditory attention reduces activity in the auditory cortex, similar to effects produced by engagement in a behavioral task. Moreover the study establishes the diversity of cortical modulations generated by attention.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Oligodendrocyte-lineage cell exocytosis and L-type prostaglandin D synthase promote oligodendrocyte development and myelination

1. Lin Pan
2. Amelia Trimarco
3. Alice J Zhang
4. Ko Fujimori
5. Yoshihiro Urade
6. Lu O Sun
7. Carla Taveggia
8. Ye Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript uses a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches and uncovers a potential mechanism of autocrine/paracrine signaling in oligodendrocyte maturation, which provides an exciting avenue for future investigation. In particular, the authors examined the role of oligodendroglial exocytosis, and specifically the role of L-type prostaglandin D synthase (LPGDS), in modulating oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. This work will be of interest to glial and myelin disease researchers.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Spatially bivariate EEG-neurofeedback can manipulate interhemispheric inhibition

1. Masaaki Hayashi
2. Kohei Okuyama
3. Nobuaki Mizuguchi
4. Ryotaro Hirose
5. Taisuke Okamoto
6. Michiyuki Kawakami
7. Junichi Ushiba

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript presents a novel EEG-based, real-time feedback approach that enables healthy participants to independently self-regulate excitability of the left versus the right hemisphere. Using this unique approach, the authors demonstrate that their paradigm could have the potential to modulate the neural interplay between both hemispheres which is relevant for the field of neurorehabilitation.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

UP-DOWN states and ripples differentially modulate membrane potential dynamics across DG, CA3, and CA1 in awake mice

1. Koichiro Kajikawa
2. Brad K Hulse
3. Athanassios G Siapas
4. Evgueniy V Lubenov

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study uses dual intracellular and extracellular recordings in different subfields of the hippocampus in awake mice during immobility to investigate the initiation of sharp wave-ripples, synchronous bursts of hippocampal activity thought to be important for memory formation. It provides unique data obtained in vivo across a diversity of hippocampal cell types. Specifically, these findings lead to a model where inhibition of CA3 pyramidal cells is permissive to ripple generation.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Dnmt3a knockout in excitatory neurons impairs postnatal synapse maturation and increases the repressive histone modification H3K27me3

1. Junhao Li
2. Antonio Pinto-Duarte
3. Mark Zander
4. Michael S Cuoco
5. Chi-Yu Lai
6. Julia Osteen
7. Linjing Fang
8. Chongyuan Luo
9. Jacinta D Lucero
10. Rosa Gomez-Castanon
11. Joseph R Nery
12. Isai Silva-Garcia
13. Yan Pang
14. Terrence J Sejnowski
15. Susan B Powell
16. Joseph R Ecker
17. Eran A Mukamel
18. M Margarita Behrens

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  In this manuscript the authors conditionally knock out the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in developing excitatory cortical neurons to determine the consequences for chromatin regulation, gene expression, and neuron function. As expected they find widespread loss of DNA methylation at CpA dinucleotides but also an increase in histone methylation (H3K27me3) at many similar regions of the genome, which they speculate may be a mechanism of functional compensation. Overall this study offers new insights into the gene regulatory and neuronal cellular functions of an important chromatin regulatory protein.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Distinct representation of cue-outcome association by D1 and D2 neurons in the ventral striatum’s olfactory tubercle

1. Nuné Martiros
2. Vikrant Kapoor
3. Spencer E Kim
4. Venkatesh N Murthy

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  In this manuscript the authors carefully describe the activity of individual neurons within the mouse olfactory tubercle, comprised of the two principal cell types, in the context of odor and tone associative learning. The use of 2-photon microscopy to monitor activity of the neurons is a major step forward and unveiled new insights into the dynamics of these neurons. This manuscript will be of interest to a wide range of readers, including those interested in affective circuits, learning, and sensory processing.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Neocortical pyramidal neurons with axons emerging from dendrites are frequent in non-primates, but rare in monkey and human

1. Petra Wahle
2. Eric Sobierajski
3. Ina Gasterstädt
4. Nadja Lehmann
5. Susanna Weber
6. Joachim HR Lübke
7. Maren Engelhardt
8. Claudia Distler
9. Gundela Meyer

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Wahle and colleagues investigate the pervasiveness of the non-canonical arrangement of axons emerging from dendrites rather than the soma of neocortical pyramidal cells of different mammalian species. Using a variety of anatomical techniques, the authors demonstrate that axons can originate directly from pyramidal cell dendrites in species as diverse as rodents, ferret, cats, pigs and primates. Cross-species comparisons indicate that non-primate brains have a higher proportion of axon-carrying-dendrites (AcD) than did brains of macaques or humans. This paper is of potential interest to a broad range of neuroscientists in reporting the distribution of this non-canonical structure and indicating that primate brains may potentially feature axons emanating from dendrites less commonly.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1, Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

A Quantum Dot Biomimetic for SARS-CoV-2 to Interrogate Dysregulation of the Neurovascular Unit Relevant to Brain Inflammation

1. Wesley Chiang
2. Angela Stout
3. Francine Yanchik-Slade
4. Herman Li
5. Bradley Nilsson
6. Harris Gelbard
7. Todd Krauss

Reviewed by ScreenIT