Neuroscience

A Massively Parallel CRISPR-Based Screening Platform for Modifiers of Neuronal Activity

1. Steven C. Boggess
2. Vaidehi Gandhi
3. Ming-Chi Tsai
4. Emily Marzette
5. Noam Teyssier
6. Joanna Yu-Ying Chou
7. Xiaoyu Hu
8. Amber Cramer
9. Lin Yadanar
10. Kunal Shroff
11. Claire G Jeong
12. Celine Eidenschenk
13. Jesse E. Hanson
14. Ruilin Tian
15. Martin Kampmann

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Antipsychotic drugs selectively decorrelate long-range interactions in deep cortical layers

1. Matthias Heindorf
2. Georg B Keller

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important study uses calcium imaging in mice to advance our understanding of the effect of antipsychotic drugs on neural functioning. The evidence supporting the conclusions is convincing, and this work will be of interest to neuroscientists working on visual processing and psychosis researchers.

Reviewed by eLife

Therapeutic doses of ketamine acutely attenuate the aversive effect of losses during decision-making

1. Mariann Oemisch
2. Hyojung Seo

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The authors use reinforcement learning modeling to study the alterations following acute ketamine in macaques. The evidence supporting the conclusion that ketamine reduces the impact of losses vs. neutral/gains is solid. In this version of this valuable study, the authors make more measured interpretations about the relationship between the processing of losses and ketamine's antidepressant effects.

Reviewed by eLife

Unraveling the link between neuropathy target esterase NTE/SWS, lysosomal storage diseases, inflammation, abnormal fatty acid metabolism, and leaky brain barrier

1. Mariana I Tsap
2. Andriy S Yatsenko
3. Jan Hegermann
4. Bibiana Beckmann
5. Dimitrios Tsikas
6. Halyna R Shcherbata

Reviewed by Review Commons

FMRP regulates postnatal neuronal migration via MAP1B

1. Salima Messaoudi
2. Ada Allam
3. Julie Stoufflet
4. Theo Paillard
5. Anaïs Le Ven
6. Coralie Fouquet
7. Mohamed Doulazmi
8. Alain Trembleau
9. Isabelle Caille

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study addresses the role of FMRP in the migration of newborn neuroblasts in the postnatal brain. Through extensive and convincing analysis of living imaging videos, the authors showed that neurons with FMRP deletion migrate aberrantly and exhibit defects in nucleokinesis and centrokinesis. The study presents a valuable finding on the mechanism of neuroblast migration in the postnatal brain.

Reviewed by eLife

Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion model

1. Behzad Yaghmaeian Salmani
2. Laura Lahti
3. Linda Gillberg
4. Jesper Kjaer Jacobsen
5. Ioannis Mantas
6. Per Svenningsson
7. Thomas Perlmann

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important study investigated transcriptional profiles of midbrain dopamine neurons using single nucleus RNA (snRNA) sequencing. The authors found more nuanced subgroups of dopamine neurons than previous studies, and identified some genes that are preferentially expressed in subpopulations that are more vulnerable to neurochemical lesions using 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA). The results are convincing and provide critical information on the heterogeneity and vulnerability of dopamine neurons which will be a foundation for future studies.

Reviewed by eLife

Excitatory neurons in stratum radiatum provide an alternative pathway for excitation flow that escapes perisomatic inhibition

1. Julia Lebedeva
2. David Jappy
3. Azat Nasretdinov
4. Alina Vazetdinova
5. Viktoria Krut
6. Rostislav Sokolov
7. Yulia Dobryakova
8. Marina Eliava
9. Valery Grinevich
10. Andrei Rozov

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This work addresses the connectivity of giant excitatory neurons in a part of CA1 of the hippocampus. Recordings in rat brain slices provide new evidence that these cells excite bistratified and basket inhibitory neurons, and have weak inhibitory input from basket cells, as well as other findings. This circuitry gives these cells unique potential, making the work valuable, however the strength of the evidence is currently incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife

Synaptotagmin 7 docks synaptic vesicles to support facilitation and Doc2α-triggered asynchronous release

1. Zhenyong Wu
2. Grant F Kusick
3. Manon MM Berns
4. Sumana Raychaudhuri
5. Kie Itoh
6. Alexander M Walter
7. Edwin R Chapman
8. Shigeki Watanabe

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  In this important study, the authors identify distinct roles for the calcium sensors Synaptotagmin 7 and Doc2alpha in the regulation of asynchronous release and calcium-dependent synaptic vesicle docking in hippocampal neurons. The current work adds to the field by placing the role of the two proteins in a new context, where Synaptotagmin 7 acts to promote synaptic vesicle docking and capture after a stimulus, while Doc2alpha has a role in specifically driving the asynchronous component of release as a calcium sensor. The methods, data, and analyses provide convincing support for the conclusions.

Reviewed by eLife

Comparative brain-wide mapping of ketamine- and isoflurane-activated nuclei and functional networks in the mouse brain

1. Yue Hu
2. Wenjie Du
3. Jiangtao Qi
4. Huoqing Luo
5. Zhao Zhang
6. Mengqiang Luo
7. Yingwei Wang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important study used single-cell whole-brain imaging of the immediate early gene Fos to identify the brain areas recruited by two anesthetics, ketamine and isoflurane. The utilization of a custom software package to align and analyze brain images for c-Fos positive cells stands out as an impressive component of the approach. The results provide solid evidence that these anesthetics might induce anesthesia via different brain regions and pathways, and raw fos showed shared and distinct activation patterns after ketamine- v. isoflurane-based anesthesia. Though differences could also be due, as the authors note, to differences in dose and route of administration. This paper may be of interest to preclinical and clinical scientists working with anesthetic and dissociative drugs.

Reviewed by eLife

Sensorimotor mechanisms selective to numerosity derived from individual differences

1. Giovanni Anobile
2. Irene Petrizzo
3. Daisy Paiardini
4. David Burr
5. Guido Marco Cicchini

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This potentially important paper addresses the question of how numerical information is represented in the human brain. Experimental findings are interpreted as providing evidence for a sensorimotor mechanism that involves channels, each tuned to a particular numerical range. While this is an interesting application of methodologies used to identify the presence of channels, the evidence supporting the claim that these have a sensorimotor basis is incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife