Immunology

Compartmentalization and persistence of dominant (regulatory) T cell clones indicates antigen skewing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

1. Gerdien Mijnheer
2. Nila Hendrika Servaas
3. Jing Yao Leong
4. Arjan Boltjes
5. Eric Spierings
6. Phyllis Chen
7. Liyun Lai
8. Alessandra Petrelli
9. Sebastiaan Vastert
10. Rob J de Boer
11. Salvatore Albani
12. Aridaman Pandit
13. Femke van Wijk

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  In this study, the authors performed mass cytometry (CyTOF) analysis and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to study immune cell composition and expansion of joint-derived Tregs and non-Tregs in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). They studied different joints affected at the same time and found that the composition and functional characteristics of immune infiltrates are strikingly similar between joints within one patient. The research design of this study is appropriate and the methods used in this study are adequately described in the manuscript. The study may be potentially beneficial for the JIA treatment.

Reviewed by eLife

The Toll pathway mediates Drosophila resilience to Aspergillus mycotoxins through specific Bomanins

1. Rui Xu
2. Yanyan Lou
3. Antonin Tidu
4. Philippe Bulet
5. Thorsten Heinekamp
6. Franck Martin
7. Axel Brakhage
8. Zi Li
9. Samuel Liégeois
10. Dominique Ferrandon

Reviewed by Review Commons

Succinate mediates inflammation-induced adrenocortical dysfunction

1. Ivona Mateska
2. Anke Witt
3. Eman Hagag
4. Anupam Sinha
5. Canelif Yilmaz
6. Evangelia Thanou
7. Na Sun
8. Ourania Kolliniati
9. Maria Patschin
10. Heba Abdelmegeed
11. Holger Henneicke
12. Waldemar Kanczkowski
13. Ben Wielockx
14. Christos Tsatsanis
15. Andreas Dahl
16. Axel Karl Walch
17. Ka Wan Li
18. Mirko Peitzsch
19. Triantafyllos Chavakis
20. Vasileia Ismini Alexaki

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Acute inflammation in mammals activates the hypothalamic pituatary axis leading to increased glucocorticoid release, which is required to restrain the inflammatory response. However, in settings of severe or prolonged inflammation, such as that seen in sepsis, there is reduced adrenal steridogenesis. The studies described in this paper provide a plausible mechanism for adrenal resistance which develops during excessive inflammation.

Reviewed by eLife

Cell circuits between leukemic cells and mesenchymal stem cells block lymphopoiesis by activating lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling

1. Xing Feng
2. Ruifeng Sun
3. Moonyoung Lee
4. Xinyue Chen
5. Shangqin Guo
6. Huimin Geng
7. Marcus Müschen
8. Jungmin Choi
9. Joao Pedro Pereira

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study describes a previously unrecognized positive feedback loop between leukemic cells and stromal cells impeding normal hematopoiesis mediated by lymphotoxin produced by cancer cells and its receptor expressed in stromal cells. These valuable findings will guide future research in both basic and clinical medicine. However, additional experimental evidence including more comparator groups would have further substantiated the authors' conclusions.

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Transiently heritable fates and quorum sensing drive early IFN-I response dynamics

1. Laura C Van Eyndhoven
2. Vincent PG Verberne
3. Carlijn VC Bouten
4. Abhyudai Singh
5. Jurjen Tel

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study presents a valuable finding that adds to a growing body of evidence reporting heritable cell states that can guide fate choices in single cells, in this case the fate of early IFN-I response. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid, although testing the generalizability of the result to other cell types or contexts and strengthening the link to epigenetic regulation would have strengthened the study. Overall, this work will be of interest to a wide set of scientists, including cell biologists, immunologists, and systems biologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Post-phagocytosis activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by two novel T6SS effectors

1. Hadar Cohen
2. Noam Baram
3. Chaya Mushka Fridman
4. Liat Edry-Botzer
5. Dor Salomon
6. Motti Gerlic

Reviewed by Review Commons

Antimicrobial peptides do not directly contribute to aging in Drosophila , but improve lifespan by preventing dysbiosis

1. M.A. Hanson
2. B. Lemaitre

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Lineage tracing reveals fate bias and transcriptional memory in human B cells

1. Michael Swift
2. Felix Horns
3. Stephen R Quake

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Senataxin and RNase H2 act redundantly to suppress genome instability during class switch recombination

1. Hongchang Zhao
2. Stella R Hartono
3. Kirtney Mae Flores de Vera
4. Zheyuan Yu
5. Krishni Satchi
6. Tracy Zhao
7. Roger Sciammas
8. Lionel Sanz
9. Frédéric Chédin
10. Jacqueline Barlow

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This paper will be of interest to the audience in the fields of genome stability and B lymphocyte biology for highlighting the role of R loop metabolism in maintaining genome integrity during antigen gene diversification. Although RNA:DNA hybrids and R loops have been described at the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci long ago, their contribution to Ig heavy chain (Igh) class switch recombination and Igh locus integrity have not been fully elucidated yet. Overall, the experiments and results generally support this conclusion; however, several aspects of the model put forward are highly speculative in the current form.

Reviewed by eLife

Quantifying changes in the T cell receptor repertoire during thymic development

1. Francesco Camaglia
2. Arie Ryvkin
3. Erez Greenstein
4. Shlomit Reich-Zeliger
5. Benny Chain
6. Thierry Mora
7. Aleksandra M Walczak
8. Nir Friedman

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This paper addresses an important question within adaptive immunity, namely whether the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of negatively selected thymocytes shares common features. The authors analyze T cell receptor sequences from mice as they progress through positive selection, CD4/CD8 lineage commitment, and negative selection, to find small but consistent differences between the repertoires at these selection stages. They argue that their findings do not indicate any sequence-specific selection; however, some of the conclusions drawn are currently incompletely supported by the performed analyses.

Reviewed by eLife