Non-Woven Infection Prevention Fabrics Coated with Biobased Cranberry Extracts Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

  1. Kazuo Takayama
  2. Alberto Tuñón-Molina
  3. Alba Cano-Vicent
  4. Yukiko Muramoto
  5. Takeshi Noda
  6. José Luis Aparicio-Collado
  7. Roser Sabater i Serra
  8. Miguel Martí
  9. Ángel Serrano-Aroca

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Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is demanding the rapid action of the authorities and scientific community in order to find new antimicrobial solutions that could inactivate the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 that causes this disease. Gram-positive bacteria contribute to severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19, and their resistance to antibiotics is exponentially increasing. In this regard, non-woven fabrics are currently used for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing such as face masks, caps, scrubs, shirts, trousers, disposable gowns, overalls, hoods, aprons and shoe covers as protective tools against viral and bacterial infections. However, these non-woven fabrics are made of materials that do not exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Thus, we have here developed non-woven fabrics with antimicrobial coatings of cranberry extracts capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and the bacteriophage phi 6 (about 99% of viral inactivation in 1 min of viral contact), and two multidrug-resistant bacteria: the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. The morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced filters were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The non-toxicity of these advanced technologies was ensured using a Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model. These results open up a new prevention path using natural and biodegradable compounds for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing in the current COVID-19 pandemic and microbial resistant era.

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  1. Version published to 10.3390/ijms222312719
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.14.456330: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Ethicsnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Briefly, TMPRSS2/Vero cells (JCRB1818, JCRB Cell Bank) were cultured with the Minimum Essential Media (MEM, Sigma-Aldrich) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) on the 96-well plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
    TMPRSS2/Vero
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    N2 strain was used in these experiments provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC, Minneapolis, USA).
    N2
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The diameter of the disc was measured by image software analysis (Image J, Wayne Rasband (NIH), USA).
    Image J
    suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)
    Five replicates were conducted for this assay. 2.7. Statistical Analysis: The ANOVA statistical analysis followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (* p > 0.05, *** p > 0.001) was performed using the GraphPad Prism 6 software (GraphPad Software Inc., USA).
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

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  3. Version published to 10.1101/2021.08.14.456330v1 on bioRxiv