From Medieval Scapegoating to Modern Conspiracy Theories in Healthcare

The popularization of science, while essential for making complex discoveries accessible to the public, carries significant risks, particularly in healthcare where misinformation can lead to harmful behaviors and even lethal outcomes. This commentary examines the dual nature of science communication, highlighting its potential to foster public engagement and scientific literacy while also discussing the dangers of oversimplification and sensationalism. Historical and contemporary case studies, such as the misrepresentation of ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic and the enduring "5-Second Rule" myth, illustrate how distorted scientific findings can erode trust in institutions and fuel conspiracy theories. The digital age exacerbates these issues, with algorithms and social media amplifying misinformation at an unprecedented scale. The discussion emphasizes the heightened stakes of medical science communication, where misrepresentation can directly endanger lives. It calls for a balanced approach to science popularization, advocating for transparency, interdisciplinary collaboration, and public education to combat misinformation. The discussion also extends to the emerging role of artificial intelligence in healthcare, warning against inflated claims and the risks of overreliance on unverified AI tools. Ultimately, this commentary underscores the need for systemic reforms to ensure that science communication prioritizes accuracy, fosters critical thinking, and builds public resilience against the spread of pseudoscience and disinformation.