Medical Physics and Cancer Treatment: Enhancing Precision and Efficacy

BACKGROUND: Medical physics plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, primarily through the application of advanced imaging and radiation therapy techniques. As cancer treatments evolve, there is an increasing need for precision and efficacy to improve patient outcomes and minimize side effects. AIM: This study aims to explore the advancements in medical physics that enhance the precision and efficacy of cancer treatments. Specifically, it examines innovations in radiation therapy, imaging techniques, and dosimetry to understand their impact on patient care. METHOD: A comprehensive review of recent literature and clinical studies was conducted, focusing on the application of medical physics in cancer treatment. Key areas of investigation included the development and implementation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and advancements in dosimetry. The review also assessed the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in treatment planning and delivery. RESULT: The findings indicate significant improvements in treatment precision and patient outcomes. Innovations such as IMRT and IGRT have enabled highly targeted radiation delivery, sparing healthy tissues and reducing side effects. SRS has shown efficacy in treating small, localized tumors with high doses of radiation. Enhanced dosimetry techniques have improved the accuracy of dose calculations, ensuring optimal treatment plans. The integration of AI has further refined treatment planning, allowing for personalized and adaptive therapies. CONCLUSION: Advancements in medical physics have substantially enhanced the precision and efficacy of cancer treatments. These innovations not only improve patient outcomes by delivering more effective and tailored therapies but also minimize adverse effects, contributing to better quality of life for cancer patients. Continued research and development in medical physics are essential to further refine these techniques and explore new frontiers in cancer treatment.