Psychological factors influencing nutrition in athletes: practical implications and coaching guidelines for youth and elite sports

Optimal nutrition plays a crucial role in athletic performance, recovery, and long-term physical and mental health, regardless of the sport level. In the sports context, dietary behavior is influenced by a complex interplay of psychological factors beyond mere physiological needs. This article synthesizes current evidence on the key psychological influences on nutrition in athletes, focusing on four domains: (1) nutritional knowledge and beliefs, (2) body image, weight pressures, and disordered eating, (3) social and environmental influences, and (4) psychological stress and mental health. Embedded in the framework of these four domains, practical implications and coaching guidelines are presented for both youth and elite athletes. A holistic, interdisciplinary, and developmentally sensitive approach is essential for promoting effective and sustainable healthy dietary habits optimizing both performance and overall well-being of athletes, irrespective of the sport level.