Pilot Study on the Efficacy of a Smartphone-Based Behavioral Activation Intervention for Reducing Depressive Symptoms (BEARS) apps in Japanese University Students

Depressive symptoms among university students have become an increasing public health concern, affecting academic performance and overall quality of life. This short communication evaluated whether a self-guided behavioral activation intervention delivered via a smartphone application (BEARS) could reduce depressive symptoms and improve behavioral engagement in Japanese university students. Sixteen students with moderate depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores 10–19) participated in a two-week intervention. The BEARS application provided psychoeducation, personal value clarification, goal-setting, daily activity scheduling, and mood monitoring. Assessments were conducted at baseline, one week, at the end of the intervention (two weeks), and at a four-week follow-up. A linear mixed model analysis revealed significant reductions in depressive symptoms, early decreases in avoidance behaviors, and a gradual increase in goal-directed activity. Usability feedback was generally positive despite occasional connectivity issues. These findings suggest that a smartphone-based behavioral activation intervention may offer an effective and accessible treatment alternative for reducing depression among university students.