Development of the Relationship with Fictional Character Scale (RFCS): Differences Between Parasocial Relationship Profiles.

Video gaming is a widespread pastime that can foster social connection and psychological well-being yet also contribute to maladaptive behaviors. Recent trends show that players increasingly form meaningful relationships with fictional characters, often through games that focus on fostering emotional and romantic attachment to these characters. Despite growing academic and industry interest in these relationships, empirical research on structure and psychological correlates of parasocial relationships strictly with fictional characters remains scarce. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Relationship with Fictional Character Scale (RFCS) and explore profiles of individuals with these relationships based on their gaming and spending behaviors. Data was collected from 232 gacha game players (Mage = 24.52, SD = 5.18, 78.9% male), who reported having a relationship with a fictional character. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, followed by exploratory structural equation modeling, supported a three-factor structure: Influence, Attachment, and Attraction. Latent profile analysis revealed four subgroups differing in RFC intensity and gaming and spending behaviors. These findings highlight that having a relationship with a fictional character is not indicative of unsatisfied social needs or problematic gaming or spending behaviors. Rather, it is when this relationship has a high intensity that it may intersect with unmet social needs and harmful behaviors.