A Data-Driven Assessment of Solar & Wind Energy Potential and Renewable Pathways In Africa

As the world confronts the realities of climate change, the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy has become both an environmental necessity and an economic opportunity. Africa, endowed with abundant sunlight and promising wind corridors, remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels and hydropower, leaving much of its renewable potential untapped. This study provides a data-driven assessment of solar and wind prospects across the continent, examining their role in fostering economic growth. Using panel data from 2010 to 2022, the analysis explores the relationship between renewable energy adoption and GDP performance in African countries, while drawing comparisons with nations such as Denmark, Germany, and China that have successfully expanded their renewable capacity. The findings suggest that scaling up solar and wind in Africa could cut reliance on fossil fuel imports, improve energy security, and stimulate long-term economic development. However, progress depends on more than resources alone: political stability, sound policies, and infrastructure investment are essential. The study concludes that Africa’s renewable transition requires strategies tailored to regional conditions, positioning solar and wind as key drivers of both sustainability and growth.