A review on the oxygenated fuels on engine performance parameters and emissions of spark ignition engines

Alcohols and ethers, which are oxygenated fuels that are also environmentally friendly, have the potential to supply the world's energy resources. Due to the increased oxygen content of the fuel when alcohol and ether are added to gasoline, the fuel is more complete during combustion, increasing engine efficiency and reducing emissions. This paper examines the use of alcohols and ethers in spark ignition engines, including butanol, methanol, ethanol, fusel oil, methyl tert-butyl ether, and dimethyl ether. The effects of alcohols and ethers on engine performance parameters (braking torque, braking power, brake specific fuel consumption, engine efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature) as well as pollutant emissions (CO, CO2, NOx, and HC) and combustion indices have also been examined in the present study. The octane number of alcohols and ethers is higher than that of gasoline, so engine performance is improved if used with increasing compression ratios. Furthermore, alcohols and ethers burn much cleaner than conventional gasoline, resulting in lower levels of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions than conventional gasoline. The thermal value of alcohols and ethers, on the other hand, is approximately 30% lower than gasoline, which is why the use of alcohols and ethers as fuel increases special fuel consumption.