SMART RESTORATION SYSTEM USING SENSOR NETWORKS, NANOMATERIALS, AND INDIGENOUS MATERIALS FOR YEMENI HISTORIC CITIES.

This study proposes a Smart Restoration System (SRS) that integrates nanotechnology (SiO₂/TiO₂ coatings), local materials, and IoT-enabled FBG sensors to safeguard Yemen's historical cities of Sana'a, Taiz, and Thula. By reducing material degradation by 40–50% using self-healing nanomaterials, the system transitions from passive restoration to proactive conservation and satisfies UNESCO's Culture in Crisis goals. This study establishes recommendations for scalable, context-sensitive treatments for conflict-affected heritage, citing international examples such the adaptive reuse of Tokyo, the post-war rehabilitation of Dubrovnik, and the disaster response of Pompeii. Furthermore, it develops a comprehensive framework that blends qualitative insights (history narratives and tourism flows) with quantitative measures (economic impact and damage metrics). Priorities include enforcing preservation policies, promoting environmentally responsible travel, securing foreign support, and using local knowledge. By emphasizing that Yemen's cultural identity may be maintained through both immediate fixes and long-term sustainable strategies. This study provides a reproducible paradigm for heritage preservation in crisis-affected places.