Reactive agility training to improve neuromuscular and cognitive performance in healthy older adults

BackgroundDespite regular physical activity, aging typically results in reduced strength, balance and cognitive performance. Multi-component exercise programs address these declines. This study investigated the impact of a novel reactive agility training (RAT) program on neuromuscular and cognitive functions in healthy older adults.MethodsA two-arm randomized controlled trial included 46 community-dwelling participants aged 60 and above. Participants were randomly assigned to either a RAT intervention group or a control group receiving exercise recommendations. The RAT group trained twice weekly for 16 weeks. Primary outcomes focused on knee extension strength, while secondary outcomes included executive function tests (Flanker and Go/No-Go), gait speed, balance, grip strength, counter-movement jumps, and knee flexion strength. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.ResultsOf the 46 participants, 41 (69.8 ± 7.1 years, 25.7 ± 3.4 kg/m², 26 females) completed the study with 85.2% compliance. The RAT group exhibited a 4.4% improvement in single-task gait speed compared to the control group, though other neuromuscular outcomes showed minimal differences. Cognitive improvements were observed, with a 25% reduction in Flanker task interference and a 16% enhancement in reaction time variability. Subgroup analysis suggested greater physical improvements in participants with lower baseline physical activity.ConclusionsWhile the reactive agility training led to modest gains in gait speed and cognitive functions such as inhibitory control, it did not boost overall neuromuscular performance. However, RAT may serve as an engaging exercise option for maintaining physical activity in older adults. Further research should explore its long-term effects and applicability in less fit populations.