Mesotherapy in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review of Active Ingredients, Protocols, and Clinical Efficacy

Objective: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a progressive, genetically mediated form of hair loss characterized by follicular miniaturization and a reduction in hair density. Among the various therapeutic strategies developed, mesotherapy has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative or adjunctive treatment. This review synthesizes current scientific evidence on the efficacy of mesotherapy in AGA, with a focus on active ingredients, therapeutic protocols, and clinical outcomes. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature from 2013 to 2024 was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We analyzed randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and cohort studies involving mesotherapy and its comparison to standard treatments such as topical minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma (PRP).Results: Mesotherapy formulations typically include cocktails containing vitamins, amino acids, peptides, growth factors, and pharmaceuticals like finasteride or dutasteride. Protocols vary widely in injection technique, frequency, and duration, contributing to heterogeneous results across studies. The majority of trials reported positive outcomes in terms of increased hair density, reduced hair fall, and improved dermoscopic parameters, particularly when combined with PRP or laser therapy. However, the absence of standardized protocols and long-term safety data remains a significant limitation. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need for standardization in mesotherapy protocols, more robust comparative trials, and clearer regulatory guidelines. Mesotherapy presents a promising, patient-compliant modality for AGA, particularly in combination therapy, but further evidence is required to define its position in clinical dermatology.