中国古代建筑模数-佛光寺东大殿

摘 要：佛光寺东大殿在中国古代建筑史的地位不言而喻。通过材与开间、面阔、进深等比较，拟合营造尺为314.5毫米。符合唐代大小尺制度，每大尺是12小寸，也是12小寸。大殿没有使用材份制，而使用了建筑模数。基本模数为2尺，合24小寸。8小寸是分模数，是基本模数的3分之1，用于材宽、间广划分。0.4小寸是基本模数的30分之1，也是分模数，用于材。此手法与现代建筑模数非常相似。建筑外形及大木作构架符合简明比例和经典比例。关键词：佛光寺东大殿；建筑模数；营造尺；比例；大木作；衰分Abstract: The significance of the East Hall of Foguang Temple in the history of ancient Chinese architecture is self - evident. Through the comparison of the cai(Similar to dimension lumber) with the bay width, facade width, and depth, etc., the construction ruler (Yingzao chi) is fitted to be 314.5 millimeters. It conforms to the long and short ruler system since the Tang dynasties. Each ruler (1 chi) is 10 cun, and each chi is divided into 12 small cun. The construction module was adopted. The hall did not use the cai-fen system but adopted an architectural modular system. The basic module is 2 chi, equivalent to 24 small cun. Eight small cun is a infra module, one - third of the basic module, used for dividing the width of the cai and the bay width. 0.4 small cun is one - thirtieth of the basic module and also a infra module, applied to the cai. This approach bears a striking resemblance to modern architectural modular systems. The exterior of the building and its large - scale timber framework adhere to concise and classic proportions. The exterior of the building and its Damuzuo adhere to concise and classic proportions.Keywords: The East Hall of Foguang Temple;Architectural Modular System; construction ruler (Yingzao chi); Proportion; Damuzuo(greater structural carpentry); Cui fen(Proportional Allocation, 衰分)