Factors Associated with Malnutrition Among the Elderly in Rural and Urban Communities of Plateau State: A Mixed Methods Comparative Study

Background Malnutrition is a health problem that occurs in the elderly, particularly in lower and middle-income countries. It is known to be associated with several physiological, cognitive, social, and lifestyle changes that influence dietary intake and nutritional status. The study aimed to compare the differences in the economic and cultural factors associated with nutrition among the elderly in urban and rural communities of Plateau State. Method A comparative cross-sectional analytical study in which a mixed method of data collection was used to compare 218 female and male elderly persons aged 60 years and above living in selected communities in Jos South/Mangu LGAs in Plateau State. Results The analysis found that age and sex had no significant impact on the nutritional status of the elderly in both rural and urban areas. However, differences emerged between the two groups. Marital status was a significant predictor of nutritional status in urban communities, whereas in rural villages, financial support from children or others played a crucial role in determining the nutritional status of the elderly. Conclusion This study underscores the pivotal role of financial support and marital status in shaping the nutritional well-being of the elderly in rural and urban communities. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to address the nutritional challenges confronting this vulnerable population and the promotion of healthy ageing, especially in Plateau State.