Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic endocrine disorder affecting children and adolescents, with increasing concern regarding its impact on growth and nutritional status. Children with T1DM are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to increased metabolic demands, dietary challenges, and difficulties in maintaining optimal glycemic control, especially in low-resource and conflict-affected settings. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of malnutrition among children with T1DM attending follow-up care at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in northern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2024 among 142 participants using caregiver interviews, anthropometric measurements, and clinical data. The prevalence of malnutrition was 26.1%, with severe acute malnutrition being the most common form. Most participants had suboptimal glycemic control. Although glucometer ownership was high, frequent monitoring was limited. Multivariable analysis identified preschool age, large family size, and low blood glucose levels as independent predictors of malnutrition, while glycemic control was not statistically significant. These findings highlight a substantial burden of malnutrition among children with T1DM in this setting. Integrating nutritional assessment into routine diabetes care and strengthening caregiver support and access to essential resources are critical to improving outcomes.