An Evaluation of Turkey's Health Diplomacy Initiatives in Somalia: A Case Study within the Framework of Global Health Cooperation

Health diplomacy has become vital in international relations, particularly in conflict-affected regions. Turkey's engagement with Somalia since 2011 exemplifies health-focused development assistance in a fragile state. This study evaluates Turkey's health diplomacy in Somalia, examining how health assistance rebuilt Somalia's healthcare system while generating mutual economic and diplomatic benefits. A qualitative case study drew on TİKA reports, academic literature, hospital data, and news media. Thematic analysis identified patterns in infrastructure development, human capital, service delivery, and economic returns. Results indicate that the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Hospital ($135.7 million budget) treats 40,000 patients monthly across 24 specialties and has trained over 120 Somali specialists. Beyond healthcare, Turkey manages Mogadishu Port and Airport, secured oil exploration rights across 16,000 km² (drilling begins 2026), and started constructing a strategic spaceport. The hospital generates $8-12 million annually, offsetting costs. Turkey's health diplomacy demonstrates that strategic health engagement can address healthcare needs while generating mutual economic benefits. The "win-win" model—combining humanitarian assistance with infrastructure, energy, and space cooperation—positioned Turkey as Somalia's trusted partner while advancing Turkish strategic interests.