Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Renal Failure in the Population at the Authority of the Martyr President Saleh Al-Sammad Teaching Hospital in Amran City, Yemen

Background: Chronic renal failure is a significant public health issue. Various factors contribute to kidney failure, some of which lead to a rapid decline in renal function. Objective: This study aims to investigate the causes and risk factors of chronic renal failure among patients at the hemodialysis center of the Authority of the Martyr President Saleh Al-Sammad Teaching Hospital in Amran City, Yemen. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 100 patients from the hemodialysis center at the Authority of the Martyr President Saleh Al-Sammad Teaching Hospital, Amran City. Data on the prevalence of renal failure, its causes, risk factors, socio-demographic characteristics, and complications were collected using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 29 and Microsoft Excel. Results: The study revealed that the most common causes of renal failure in Amran Governorate were hypertension (24%), diclofenac sodium use (20.1%), glomerular atrophy disease (GAD) (17.4%), urinary tract infections (10.1%), diabetes mellitus (6.3%), and genetic factors (6.3%). A significant association was found between diabetes mellitus and the patient's sex (p-value = 0.016). Half of the participants had been taking general analgesic drugs before developing renal failure, with 58% using diclofenac sodium (50% of whom took it four times per day). Regarding risk factors, 57% of participants used well water, and 28% used running water. Additionally, 66% of patients reported chewing khat, and 40% were smokers prior to their renal failure diagnosis. The study also found that 58% of patients were male, and 82% were married, while 18% were single. The mean age of patients was 45-54 years. The most prevalent complications included anemia (100%), hypertension (83%), edema (76%), hyperkalemia (57%), bone disease (55%), and cardiovascular disease (16%). Conclusion: This study suggests that factors such as khat chewing, smoking, consumption of clean and running water, and the use of diclofenac sodium significantly increase the risk of chronic renal failure in Yemen.