Severe Motor Regression Following Post-Mumps Meningoencephalitis in a Previously Normally Developing Child: A Neurorehabilitation Case Report

Background: Post-mumps meningoencephalitis is a rare but serious neurological complication that may result in acquired brain injury and regression of previously attained developmental milestones in children. Inflammation-induced neuronal damage can lead to significant motor impairment and long-term functional dependence. Early neurorehabilitation is critical to promote neuroplasticity and optimize recovery. Case Presentation: A 6-year-old girl with previously normal developmental milestones presented with severe motor and speech regression following post-mumps meningoencephalitis. Neuroimaging revealed ventricular dilatation with mild neuroparenchymal atrophy. Clinical examination demonstrated hypotonia with dystonic features, poor trunk control, inability to sit or stand independently, and preserved sensory and cognitive responsiveness. Functional assessment showed severe impairment (GMFM-88 score: 18%; GMFCS Level V; Paediatric Berg Balance Scale: 3/56; WeeFIM: 32/126), indicating high dependence. Intervention: A structured, neurodevelopmentally oriented physiotherapy program was implemented, including bed mobility training, prone and quadruped positioning, vestibular stimulation, sitting balance training, proprioceptive facilitation, and supported standing. The intervention focused on improving postural control, trunk stability, balance, and functional mobility. Outcomes: Gradual improvements were observed in head control, voluntary limb movements, postural responses, and environmental interaction, reflecting emerging motor recovery. Conclusion: Post-mumps meningoencephalitis can result in profound motor regression in previously normally developing children. Early, structured, and targeted physiotherapy plays a pivotal role in promoting neuroplasticity, restoring functional abilities, and preventing secondary complications. This case highlights the importance of timely rehabilitation in pediatric post-infectious acquired brain injury.