Dietary intake on dialysis and interdialytic days: a study with older adults

Objective The older adult population is growing, increasing the incidence of chronic diseases such as kidney disease, which may progress to the need for hemodialysis (HD). The objective of the present study was to compare the dietary intake among older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on HD and during the interdialytic period. Methods The study was conducted with individuals (n = 40) aged 60 years or older undergoing HD at a specialized clinic. Dietary intake was assessed using four non-consecutive food records (two HD days and two non-HD days). Participants and their families received instructions on completing the records after receiving a manual and guidance from a specialized nutritionist at the clinic. Total energy, macro- and micronutrient intake was analyzed using the software NDSR (Nutrition Data System for Research), and the results were adjusted for intrapersonal variability. Results On HD days, food intake was lower (p < 0.05) for total energy, total fats, proteins (total and animal-derived), dietary fiber (total and insoluble), and most minerals and vitamins. Additionally, the percentage of protein in total energy intake was higher, with animal meat being the primary protein source. Conclusions The older adults undergoing HD in this study exhibited inadequate dietary intake on HD days. Despite the recognized role of adequate nutrition during hemodialysis, inadequate planning of food and oral supplement provision is still observed in practice, along with difficulties in adherence to nutritional guidance and effective intervention, as well as the planning and provision of nutritionally appropriate snacks and dietary supplements.