Predictors of hemodialysis adequacy among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing Hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study

Introduction End-stage renal disease represents the final stage of chronic kidney disease, where hemodialysis (HD) emerges as a critical therapy. One important predictor of dialysis is the measurement of the volume of blood cleared of urea by the dialyzer per minute during the dialysis session, correlating it with the volume of urea distribution to the patient’s total body water (KT/V). This study investigates key factors influencing KT/V measurement in hemodialysis patients in the Renal Dialysis Center in Oman. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 107 patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing HD over three years at the Renal Dialysis Center. Linear regression and Pearson correlation were conducted to analyze the results. Results Females showed a significantly higher mean KT/V of 1.0642. The results revealed a statistically significant mean difference in KT/V adequacy among ESRC patients (M = 0.98; SD = 0.15), indicating a significant deviation from the target value of ≥ 1.2. A strong correlation was found between KT/V and blood flow rate, with higher blood flow rates positively influencing adequacy. The linear regression predicts the predictive value of BFR and UFR in determining KT/V levels, with both variables showing statistical significance (p < 0.05). Patients undergoing HD achieved a lower filtration rate than expected (mean KT/V = 0.98). Conclusion Patients undergoing HD had a suboptimal attainment of HD target therapy recommended by NKF-KDOQI 2006. The findings point out the importance of optimizing blood flow rates and minimizing ultrafiltration rates to enhance dialysis adequacy in the patient with end-stage renal disease.