Evaluation of the effectiveness of diclofenac when used in endodontic regeneration in comparison with calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste: An in vitro study

Aims This study assessed the biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of diclofenac sodium (DS) in comparison to calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) ₂ and tripple antibiotic paste (TAP). Methods One hundred eight dentin discs and sixty-eight semicylindrical root dentin halves were prepared, sterilized and used for cell viability and antibacterial assessment, respectively. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) viability was assessed by AlamarBlue and Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms in dentinal tubules was assessed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The specimens were randomly devided into four groups: DS, Ca(OH) ₂ , TAP, no medicament. Results Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA for cell viability and one-way ANOVA for antibacterial activity. DS and TAP groups showed enhanced cell viability in comparison with control-disk and Ca(OH) ₂ at day 1 and 7 (P = 0.00) but DS group showed significantly lower cell viability when compared to TAP group (P = 0.00). At Day 14, there was no significant differences between cell viabilities in all experimental groups whereas the control group had the outmost increase (P = 0.00). DS and TAP showed the highest percentage of dead cells 96.7% and 96.6%, respectively. Conclusion Our study showed that DS had a comparable results to TAP by means of cell viability of hMSCs and antibacterial activity against F.nucleatum .