Green fabrication of barium oxide nanoparticles using Dodonaea viscosa root Extract, their characterization and biological assessment.

Barium oxide nanoparticles (BaO NPs) were successfully synthesized using an eco-friendly green method with Dodonaea viscosa L. root extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques. SEM analysis showed irregular, agglomerated nanoparticles with with an average size of ~50 nm. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature and phase purity of BaO nanoparticles, while FTIR indicated the presence of plant-derived functional groups and characteristic Ba–O vibrations. The BaO nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (90.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (85.30%), and notable antifungal activity against Candida glabrata (87%), Candida albicans (85%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (83%). These results demonstrate that green-synthesized BaO nanoparticles possess promising antimicrobial potential.